{"paper":{"title":"Integral Fluctuation Relations for Entropy Production at Stopping Times","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["math.PR"],"primary_cat":"cond-mat.stat-mech","authors_text":"Edgar Rold\\'an, Frank J\\\"ulicher, Izaak Neri, Simone Pigolotti","submitted_at":"2019-03-19T17:11:51Z","abstract_excerpt":"A stopping time $T$ is the first time when a trajectory of a stochastic process satisfies a specific criterion. In this paper, we use martingale theory to derive the integral fluctuation relation $\\langle e^{-S_{\\rm tot}(T)}\\rangle=1$ for the stochastic entropy production $S_{\\rm tot}$ in a stationary physical system at stochastic stopping times $T$. This fluctuation relation implies the law $\\langle S_{\\rm tot}(T)\\rangle\\geq 0$, which states that it is not possible to reduce entropy on average, even by stopping a stochastic process at a stopping time, and which we call the second law of therm"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1903.08115","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/1903.08115/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}