{"paper":{"title":"Sum-of-Squares Bounds on Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.optics","authors_text":"Ian M. Hammond, Pengning Chao, Steven G. Johnson","submitted_at":"2025-02-13T23:37:02Z","abstract_excerpt":"Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a critical tool for chemical sensing and spectroscopy, and a key question is how to optimally design nanostructures for maximizing SERS. We present fundamental limits on spatially-averaged SERS via periodic metasurfaces, derived using sum-of-squares (SOS) programming. This work represents the first use of SOS techniques to optics, overcoming difficulties that prior bounding techniques have with regards to non-linear photonic processes with higher order figures of merit. Our bounds on the $\\int \\lVert \\mathbf{E} \\rVert^4 \\text{d} \\mathbf{r}$ SERS enha"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2502.09821","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2502.09821/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}