{"paper":{"title":"Stellar Coronal Mass Ejections with HWO: A Science Case Concept","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","headline":"The Habitable World Observatory should be designed to detect stellar coronal mass ejections that deplete ozone by 10 percent or more on Earth-like planets.","cross_cats":["astro-ph.EP","astro-ph.SR"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.IM","authors_text":"Ivey Davis, James Paul Mason, Karin Dissauer, Kevin France, Meng Jin, R. O. Parke Loyd","submitted_at":"2026-04-17T23:37:00Z","abstract_excerpt":"The primary mission of the Habitable World Observatory (HWO) will be to constrain the prevalence of life on Earth-like planets. These planets will be subject to impacts by energetic particles generated from coronal mass ejection (CME) shocks that can dramatically deplete ozone, a key biosignature gas. Other biosignatures are also likely vulnerable, though not yet studied. Here, we make a conceptual case for factoring sensitivity to stellar coronal mass ejections into the design of HWO. We drive design considerations by requiring that HWO constrain the rate of CMEs producing 10% or greater depl"},"claims":{"count":4,"items":[{"kind":"strongest_claim","text":"Here, we make a conceptual case for factoring sensitivity to stellar coronal mass ejections into the design of HWO. We drive design considerations by requiring that HWO constrain the rate of CMEs producing 10% or greater depletions of total ozone column to fewer than one per decade, the timescale over which ozone returns to pre-event levels.","source":"verdict.strongest_claim","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C1","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"weakest_assumption","text":"That stellar CMEs can produce 10% or greater ozone depletions on Earth-like planets and that this effect is a dominant concern for biosignature interpretation, with the proposed detection methods being feasible for HWO.","source":"verdict.weakest_assumption","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C2","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"one_line_summary","text":"The Habitable World Observatory should be designed to constrain stellar coronal mass ejection rates causing 10% or greater ozone depletions to fewer than one per decade.","source":"verdict.one_line_summary","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C3","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"headline","text":"The Habitable World Observatory should be designed to detect stellar coronal mass ejections that deplete ozone by 10 percent or more on Earth-like planets.","source":"verdict.pith_extraction.headline","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C4","attestation":"unclaimed"}],"snapshot_sha256":"838b3b39402ba3f8863c2fb37ffa18f20152e1f73fa6a798d77ec76a28d7310a"},"source":{"id":"2604.16746","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":"ebce86cb-c461-45c3-aa35-aac5ccebc6fc","model_set":{"reader":"grok-4.3"},"created_at":"2026-05-10T06:56:49.562708Z","strongest_claim":"Here, we make a conceptual case for factoring sensitivity to stellar coronal mass ejections into the design of HWO. We drive design considerations by requiring that HWO constrain the rate of CMEs producing 10% or greater depletions of total ozone column to fewer than one per decade, the timescale over which ozone returns to pre-event levels.","one_line_summary":"The Habitable World Observatory should be designed to constrain stellar coronal mass ejection rates causing 10% or greater ozone depletions to fewer than one per decade.","pipeline_version":"pith-pipeline@v0.9.0","weakest_assumption":"That stellar CMEs can produce 10% or greater ozone depletions on Earth-like planets and that this effect is a dominant concern for biosignature interpretation, with the proposed detection methods being feasible for HWO.","pith_extraction_headline":"The Habitable World Observatory should be designed to detect stellar coronal mass ejections that deplete ozone by 10 percent or more on Earth-like planets."},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2604.16746/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}