{"paper":{"title":"Confinement and Z_3 symmetry in three-flavor QCD","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["hep-lat","nucl-th"],"primary_cat":"hep-ph","authors_text":"Hiroaki Kouno, Masanobu Yahiro, Takahiro Makiyama, Takahiro Sasaki, Yuji Sakai","submitted_at":"2013-01-17T08:56:41Z","abstract_excerpt":"We investigate the confinement mechanism in three-flavor QCD with imaginary isospin chemical potentials $(\\mu_u,\\mu_d,\\mu_s)=(i\\theta T,-i\\theta T,0)$, using the Polyakov-loop extended Nambu--Jona-Lasinio (PNJL) model, where $T$ is temperature. As for three degenerate flavors, the system has $\\mathbb{Z}_{3}$ symmetry at $\\theta=2\\pi/3$ and hence the Polyakov loop $\\Phi$ vanishes there for small $T$. As for 2+1 flavors, the symmetry is not preserved for any $\\theta$, but $\\Phi$ becomes zero at $\\theta=\\theta_{\\rm conf} < 2\\pi/3$ for small $T$. The confinement phase defined by $\\Phi=0$ is realiz"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1301.4013","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}