{"paper":{"title":"An Intuitive Approach to Special and General Relativity","license":"","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.gen-ph","authors_text":"Charles Francis","submitted_at":"2001-10-02T12:12:04Z","abstract_excerpt":"The k-calculus was advanced by Hermann Bondi as a means of explaining special relativity using only simple algebra (Bondi H.: Relativity and Common Sense, London, Heinemann, 1964). As used by Bondi, k is Doppler shift. This paper extends the k-calculus to include gravitational red shift and to develop techniques for an introductory treatment of general relativity in which the emphasis is on mathematical deduction from physical measurement procedure. Using ideas of geometric optics, geodesic motion is understood from the refraction of the wave function due curvature. The k-calculus gives a very"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"physics/0110007","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/physics/0110007/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}