{"paper":{"title":"SPP location with spherical ray tracing by refractive index","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.EP","physics.geo-ph"],"primary_cat":"physics.ao-ph","authors_text":"Dongliang Liu, Hui Qian, Xiaosan Zhu","submitted_at":"2025-06-10T02:51:34Z","abstract_excerpt":"Atmospheric layer structure is a primary factor affecting the precision of single-point satellite positioning. The assumption of electromagnetic wave rectilinear propagation hinders the accurate implementation of ionospheric and tropospheric corrections, whereas curvilinear positioning methods fully account for ray deflection. This study aims to derive partial derivative formulas for theoretical travel time with respect to latitude, longitude, elevation, and velocity models by formulating electromagnetic wave travel time equations under a coordinate-based one-dimensional layered velocity model"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2506.19859","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2506.19859/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}