{"paper":{"title":"Inferences on Mass Composition and Tests of Hadronic Interactions from 0.3 to 100 EeV using the water-Cherenkov Detectors of the Pierre Auger Observatory","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","authors_text":"A. Almela, A.A. Watson, A. Balaceanu, A. Blanco, A. Bridgeman, A. Bueno, A. Cancio, A. Castellina, A.C. Fauth, A. Cobos, A. Coleman, A.C. Rovero, A.D. Supanitsky, A. Dundovic, A.E. Herve, A. Etchegoyen, A.F. Grillo, A. Filip\\v{c}i\\v{c}, A. Fuster, A.G. Chavez, A. Gherghel-Lascu, A.G. Mariazzi, A. Gorgi, A. Haungs, A. Insolia, A. K\\\"a\\\"ap\\\"a, A. Kuotb Awad, A. Letessier-Selvon, A.L. M\\\"uller, A. L\\'opez Casado, A. Lucero, A.M. Badescu, A.M. Botti, A. Menshikov, A.M. van den Berg, A. Olinto, A. Parra, A. Saftoiu, A. Saleh, A. Schulz, A. Segreto, A. Shadkam, A. \\'Smia{\\l}kowski, A. Streich, A. Taboada, A. van Vliet, A. Weindl, A. Yushkov, A. Zepeda, B. Andrada, B. Daniel, B. Fick, B. Garc\\'ia, B. Keilhauer, B.L. Lago, B. Mitrica, B.R. Dawson, B. Tom\\'e, B. Vargas C\\'ardenas, B. Wundheiler, B. Zimmermann, C. Aramo, C. Berat, C. Bleve, C. Bonifazi, C. Dobrigkeit, C.E. Covault, C. Glaser, C. Hojvat, C.J. Todero Peixoto, C. Medina, C. Morello, C.O. Escobar, C. Peters, C. Porowski, C. Sarmiento-Cano, C. Timmermans, C. Ventura, D. Boncioli, D. Garcia-Pinto, D. G{\\l}as, D. Harari, D. Heck, D. Kuempel, D. LaHurd, D. Lo Presti, D. Mandat, D. Martello, D. Melo, D. Mockler, D. Nitz, D. Nosek, D. Ravignani, D. Rogozin, D. Schmidt, D. Stanca, D. Veberi\\v{c}, D. Walz, D. Wittkowski, D. Zavrtanik, E. Holt, E.J. Quel, E. Kemp, E. Mayotte, E.M. Santos, E. Roulet, E. Santos, E. Varela, E. Zas, F. Arqueros, F. Barbato, F. Canfora, F. Catalani, F. Contreras, F. Diogo, F. Fenu, F. Gat\\'e, F.G. Schr\\\"oder, F. Guarino, F.L. Briechle, F. Montanet, F. Oikonomou, F. Pedreira, F. Riehn, F. Salamida, F. Salesa Greus, F. S\\'anchez, F. Sarazin, F. Strafella, F. Suarez, F. Zuccarello, G.A. Anastasi, G. Avila, G. Cataldi, G.C. Hill, G. Consolati, G. De Mauro, G. Farrar, G. Golup, G. Kukec Mezek, G. Marsella, G. Matthiae, G. Medina-Tanco, G. M\\\"uller, G. Parente, G.P. Guedes, G. Rodriguez Fernandez, G.R. Snow, G. Salina, G. Sigl, G. Silli, G. Torralba Elipe, G. van Aar, G. Varner, H. Asorey, H. Falcke, H. Gemmeke, H.J. Mathes, H. Martinez, H.O. Klages, H. Salazar, H. Schieler, H. Wahlberg, H. Wilczy\\'nski, I. Allekotte, I. Al Samarai, I. Brancus, I.C. Mari\\c{s}, I. De Mitri, I.D. Vergara Quispe, I.F.M. Albuquerque, I. Jandt, I. Lhenry-Yvon, I. Naranjo, I. Vali\\~no, J.A. Bellido, J.A. Chinellato, J.A.J. Matthews, J.A. Johnsen, J. Alvarez Castillo, J. Alvarez-Mu\\~niz, J. Aublin, J. Biteau, J. Blazek, J. Brack, J.C. D'Olivo, J. Chudoba, J. Cronin, J. Debatin, J. de Oliveira, J. Ebr, J. Espadanal, J. Farmer, J.F. Vald\\'es Galicia, J. Hulsman, J.J. Beatty, J.J. Mas\\'ias Meza, J. Jurysek, J. Kemp, J. Kleinfeller, J.L. Harton, J. Matthews, J.M. Figueira, J. Pallotta, J. Pe\\~na-Rodriguez, J. Phuntsok, J. P\\k{e}kala, J. Rautenberg, J.R. H\\\"orandel, J. Ridky, J. Rodriguez Rojo, J.R.T. de Mello Neto, J. Schumacher, J. Stasielak, J. Swain, J. Vicha, J. \\v{S}up\\'ik, K. Daumiller, K.-D. Merenda, K.H. Becker, K.H. Kampert, K. Link, K.S. Caballero-Mora, L. Anchordoqui, L.A. N\\'u\\~nez, L. A. S. Pereira, L. Caccianiga, L. Caramete, L. Cazon, L. Collica, L. Lopes, L. Middendorf, L. Miramonti, L. Nellen, L. Niemietz, L. No\\v{z}ka, L. Ochilo, L. Perrone, L. Tomankova, L. Valore, L. Villase\\~nor, L. Wiencke, L. Yang, M. Aglietta, M.A. Leigui de Oliveira, M.A. Muller, M. Boh\\'a\\v{c}ov\\'a, M. Buscemi, M.E. Bertaina, M. Erdmann, M. Erfani, M. Giammarchi, M. Giller, M. G\\'omez Berisso, M. Hrabovsk\\'y, M.I. Micheletti, M.J. Cooper, M. Josebachuili, M.J. Roncoroni, M. Kleifges, M. Lauscher, M.L. D\\'iaz Castro, M. Malacari, M. Mallamaci, M.M. Freire, M. Mostaf\\'a, M. Niculescu-Oglinzanu, M. Niechciol, M. Palatka, M. Pech, M. Perlin, M. Pimenta, M. Platino, M. Plum, M. Prouza, M.R. Coluccia, M.R. Hampel, M. Risse, M. Roth, M. Schauer, M. Schimp, M. Stolpovskiy, M. Suarez Dur\\'an, M.T. Dova, M. Trini, M. Unger, M. Urban, M. Weber, M. Wirtz, M. Zavrtanik, M. Ziolkowski, N. Arsene, N. Borodai, N. Fazzini, N. Gonz\\'alez, N. Kemmerich, N. Krohm, N. Kunka, O.A. Taborda, O. Deligny, O. Fratu, O. Kambeitz, O. Mart\\'inez Bravo, O. Scholten, O. Sima, O. Wainberg, P. Abreu, P. Assis, P. Buchholz, P.F. G\\'omez Vitale, P.G. Isar, P. Gorham, P. Hansen, P. Heimann, P.H. Nguyen, P. Homola, P. Horvath, P.L. Biermann, P.L. Ghia, P. Mantsch, P.O. Mazur, P. Papenbreer, P. Privitera, P. Ristori, P. Ruehl, P. Sanchez-Lucas, P. Schov\\'anek, P. Sommers, P. Stassi, P. Travnicek, P. van Bodegom, Q. Dorosti, Q. Luce, R.A. V\\'azquez, R. Caruso, R.C. dos Anjos, R. Colalillo, R. Concei\\c{c}\\~ao, R.C. Shellard, R. Engel, R. Gaior, R.G. Lang, R. Halliday, R.J. Barreira Luz, R. Krause, R. Legumina, R. L\\'opez, R. Lorek, R.M. de Almeida, R.M. Kieckhafer, R. Mussa, R. Pelayo, R. Piegaia, R. Ramos-Pollan, R.R. Prado, R. Sarmento, R. Sato, R. Squartini, R. Ulrich, R. \\v{S}m\\'ida, R.W. Clay, S. Andringa, S. Buitink, S. Coutu, S. D'Amico, S. Dasso, S.G. Blaess, S.J. De Jong, S.J. Saffi, S.J. Sciutto, S. Mathys, S. Michal, S. Mollerach, S. M\\\"uller, S. Petrera, S. Querchfeld, S. Quinn, S. Schr\\\"oder, S. Sonntag, S. Stani\\v{c}, S. Vorobiov, T.A. Harrison, T. Bretz, T.D. Grubb, T. Fujii, T. Hebbeker, The Pierre Auger Collaboration: A. Aab, T. Huege, T. Niggemann, T. Paul, T. Pierog, T. Sudholz, T. Suomij\\\"arvi, U. Giaccari, V. de Souza, V.M. Theodoro, V. Novotny, V. Pirronello, V. Rizi, V. Scherini, V. Verzi, W. Rodrigues de Carvalho, X. Bertou, Z. Szadkowski, Z. Zong","submitted_at":"2017-10-19T17:14:06Z","abstract_excerpt":"We present a new method for probing the hadronic interaction models at ultra-high energy and extracting details about mass composition. This is done using the time profiles of the signals recorded with the water-Cherenkov detectors of the Pierre Auger Observatory. The profiles arise from a mix of the muon and electromagnetic components of air-showers. Using the risetimes of the recorded signals we define a new parameter, which we use to compare our observations with predictions from simulations. We find, firstly, inconsistencies between our data and predictions over a greater energy range and "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1710.07249","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}