{"paper":{"title":"Comparing Topology of Engineered and Natural Drainage Networks","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.geo-ph","authors_text":"Christian Urich, Elisabeth Kruger, Gavan McGrath, Kyungrock Paik, Praveen Kumar, P. Suresh C. Rao, Soohyun Yang","submitted_at":"2017-07-16T16:56:44Z","abstract_excerpt":"We investigated the scaling and topology of engineered urban drainage networks (UDNs) in two cities, and further examined UDN evolution over decades. UDN scaling was analyzed using two power-law characteristics widely employed for river networks: (1) Hack's law of length ($L$)-area ($A$) scaling [$L \\propto A^{h}$], and (2) exceedance probability distribution of upstream contributing area $(\\delta)$ [$P(A\\geq \\delta) \\sim a \\delta^{-\\epsilon}$]. For the smallest UDNs ($<2 \\>\\text{km}^2$), length-area scales linearly ($h\\sim 1$), but power-law scaling emerges as the UDNs grow. While $P(A\\geq \\d"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1707.04911","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}