{"paper":{"title":"Critical speed of a binary superfluid of light","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"The critical speed of a binary superfluid of light is set by the lower of its density and spin sound speeds, whose order can reverse when the optical nonlinearity saturates.","cross_cats":["nlin.PS","physics.optics"],"primary_cat":"cond-mat.quant-gas","authors_text":"Claire Michel, Nicolas Cherroret, Pierre-\\'Elie Larr\\'e","submitted_at":"2026-01-22T14:30:17Z","abstract_excerpt":"We theoretically study the critical speed for superfluid flow of a two-dimensional miscible binary superfluid of light past a polarization-sensitive optical obstacle. This speed corresponds to the maximum mean flow velocity below which dissipation is absent. In the weak-obstacle regime, linear-response theory shows that the critical speed is set by Landau's criterion applied to the density and spin Bogoliubov modes, whose relative ordering can be inverted due to saturation of the optical nonlinearity. For obstacles of arbitrary strength and large spatial extent, we determine the critical speed"},"claims":{"count":4,"items":[{"kind":"strongest_claim","text":"In the weak-obstacle regime, linear-response theory shows that the critical speed is set by Landau's criterion applied to the density and spin Bogoliubov modes, whose relative ordering can be inverted due to saturation of the optical nonlinearity.","source":"verdict.strongest_claim","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C1","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"weakest_assumption","text":"The hydraulic and incompressible approximations remain valid for obstacles of arbitrary strength and large spatial extent when determining the critical speed from the conditions for strong ellipticity of the stationary hydrodynamic equations.","source":"verdict.weakest_assumption","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C2","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"one_line_summary","text":"The critical speed of a 2D binary superfluid of light is set by the lowest Landau velocity of density and spin Bogoliubov modes or by strong ellipticity of the hydrodynamic equations, with breakdown initiated by vortex-antivortex pairs or Jones-Roberts solitons.","source":"verdict.one_line_summary","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C3","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"headline","text":"The critical speed of a binary superfluid of light is set by the lower of its density and spin sound speeds, whose order can reverse when the optical nonlinearity saturates.","source":"verdict.pith_extraction.headline","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C4","attestation":"unclaimed"}],"snapshot_sha256":"146dda043971e64525284602e86538c17bf31056eda2ef7168cdc6267b819404"},"source":{"id":"2601.16005","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":"e42db4b2-a7b9-45eb-a070-5028f999ddd4","model_set":{"reader":"grok-4.3"},"created_at":"2026-05-16T12:10:14.928112Z","strongest_claim":"In the weak-obstacle regime, linear-response theory shows that the critical speed is set by Landau's criterion applied to the density and spin Bogoliubov modes, whose relative ordering can be inverted due to saturation of the optical nonlinearity.","one_line_summary":"The critical speed of a 2D binary superfluid of light is set by the lowest Landau velocity of density and spin Bogoliubov modes or by strong ellipticity of the hydrodynamic equations, with breakdown initiated by vortex-antivortex pairs or Jones-Roberts solitons.","pipeline_version":"pith-pipeline@v0.9.0","weakest_assumption":"The hydraulic and incompressible approximations remain valid for obstacles of arbitrary strength and large spatial extent when determining the critical speed from the conditions for strong ellipticity of the stationary hydrodynamic equations.","pith_extraction_headline":"The critical speed of a binary superfluid of light is set by the lower of its density and spin sound speeds, whose order can reverse when the optical nonlinearity saturates."},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2601.16005/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":87,"sample":[{"doi":"10.1103/revmodphys.71.s318","year":1999,"title":"A. J. Leggett, Superfluidity. Rev. Mod. Phys.71, S318 (1999).https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.71.S318","work_id":"6027aa64-8cd5-4c0a-bdbc-341d3775ae7f","ref_index":1,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"","year":2016,"title":"L. P. Pitaevskii and S. Stringari,Bose-Einstein Conden- sation and Superfluidity(Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2016)","work_id":"da622205-c7b9-44ec-abb0-16b978c6b73c","ref_index":2,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"","year":2013,"title":"I. Carusotto and C. Ciuti, Quantum fluids of light. Rev. Mod. Phys.85, 299 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1103/ RevModPhys.85.299","work_id":"a203f173-b05d-482b-8ab1-dd0e631e5b71","ref_index":3,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"10.1103/physrevresearch.3.033096","year":2021,"title":"K. E. Wilson, A. Guttridge, I-K. Liu, J. Segal, T. P. Billam, N. G. Parker, N. P. Proukakis, and S. L. Cornish, Dynamics of a degenerate Cs-Yb mixture with attractive interspecies interactions. Phys. ","work_id":"f2f3d51f-4bac-4bd8-952c-1a158e7fa45f","ref_index":5,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"10.1103/physrevresearch.4.043068","year":2022,"title":"L. Cavicchioli, C. Fort, M. Modugno, F. Minardi, and A. Burchianti, Dipole dynamics of an interacting bosonic mixture. Phys. Rev. Research4, 043068 (2022). https: //doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.4.0","work_id":"700e922a-80df-4268-8154-c3c4d2d050ea","ref_index":6,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false}],"resolved_work":87,"snapshot_sha256":"f81f0a9e1e1e183fda93d7d585c4e67312638c243dd2e489e489eb223aff58f5","internal_anchors":1},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":2,"snapshot_sha256":"cc383dbb9ec95d793fadefd21e3423137c504bca8e72b1c6542b25f420ba77c8"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}