{"paper":{"title":"Performance Bounds for Near-Field Velocity Estimation With Modular Linear Array","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"Modular linear arrays achieve equivalent near-field velocity estimation accuracy to collocated uniform linear arrays using fewer antennas through optimized inter-module spacing.","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"eess.SP","authors_text":"Ali. A. Nasir, Khalid A. Alshumayri, Mudassir Masood","submitted_at":"2025-11-09T13:40:46Z","abstract_excerpt":"Velocity estimation is a cornerstone of the recently introduced near-field predictive beamforming. This paper derives the Cramer-Rao bounds (CRBs) for joint radial and transverse velocity estimation within a predictive beamforming framework employing a modular linear array (MLA). We obtain closed-form expressions that characterize the interplay between array geometry and estimation accuracy, showing that increasing the inter-module separation enlarges the effective aperture and reduces the transverse-velocity CRB, while the radial-velocity CRB remains largely insensitive to this separation. Fu"},"claims":{"count":4,"items":[{"kind":"strongest_claim","text":"We obtain closed-form expressions that characterize the interplay between array geometry and estimation accuracy, showing that increasing the inter-module separation enlarges the effective aperture and reduces the transverse-velocity CRB, while the radial-velocity CRB remains largely insensitive to this separation. Furthermore, we show that an MLA can achieve the same accuracy as a collocated ULA with fewer antennas.","source":"verdict.strongest_claim","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C1","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"weakest_assumption","text":"The derivation relies on a standard near-field signal model, known array geometry, and additive white Gaussian noise that permits closed-form CRB expressions; these may not capture all real-world propagation or hardware effects.","source":"verdict.weakest_assumption","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C2","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"one_line_summary","text":"Derives CRBs showing modular linear arrays reduce transverse-velocity error via larger effective aperture from inter-module spacing and match uniform-array accuracy with fewer elements.","source":"verdict.one_line_summary","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C3","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"headline","text":"Modular linear arrays achieve equivalent near-field velocity estimation accuracy to collocated uniform linear arrays using fewer antennas through optimized inter-module spacing.","source":"verdict.pith_extraction.headline","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C4","attestation":"unclaimed"}],"snapshot_sha256":"95f22b612e9edd94608fe7b7229badc79a44abaddc410ad4cc43ab9b3b733016"},"source":{"id":"2511.06383","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"verdict":{"id":"7cb973fb-9a11-489c-b1e9-0bc37d6b2ea2","model_set":{"reader":"grok-4.3"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:42:33.635861Z","strongest_claim":"We obtain closed-form expressions that characterize the interplay between array geometry and estimation accuracy, showing that increasing the inter-module separation enlarges the effective aperture and reduces the transverse-velocity CRB, while the radial-velocity CRB remains largely insensitive to this separation. Furthermore, we show that an MLA can achieve the same accuracy as a collocated ULA with fewer antennas.","one_line_summary":"Derives CRBs showing modular linear arrays reduce transverse-velocity error via larger effective aperture from inter-module spacing and match uniform-array accuracy with fewer elements.","pipeline_version":"pith-pipeline@v0.9.0","weakest_assumption":"The derivation relies on a standard near-field signal model, known array geometry, and additive white Gaussian noise that permits closed-form CRB expressions; these may not capture all real-world propagation or hardware effects.","pith_extraction_headline":"Modular linear arrays achieve equivalent near-field velocity estimation accuracy to collocated uniform linear arrays using fewer antennas through optimized inter-module spacing."},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2511.06383/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":1,"snapshot_sha256":"24ee91eafe50d436eeadaeba73966f745010a4fe1d6d96caeced89413e7edf38"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}