{"paper":{"title":"On-chip detection of anisotropic thermopolarization in quartz","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"Heating quartz crystals produces electrical currents through thermally generated mechanical stress and piezoelectric coupling.","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","authors_text":"Shuichi Iwakiri, Takao Mori, Yasumitsu Miyata","submitted_at":"2026-05-17T02:17:16Z","abstract_excerpt":"Temperature gradients are widely used to drive and probe transport phenomena in solids, forming the basis of heat-to-charge conversion processes. In typical experiments, local heating is introduced to generate a temperature gradient, and the resulting electrical response is detected by separate electrodes. Such measurements usually regard heating purely as a source of thermal excitation. Here, we show that heating inherently generates mechanical stress through thermal expansion, which in turn produces measurable electrical signals via electromechanical coupling. Using quartz as a model piezoel"},"claims":{"count":4,"items":[{"kind":"strongest_claim","text":"Heating inherently generates mechanical stress through thermal expansion, which in turn produces measurable electrical signals via electromechanical coupling; the on-chip device probes the anisotropy of the piezoelectric tensor through the thermally generated current, exhibiting twofold and threefold responses for X-cut and Z-cut crystals respectively.","source":"verdict.strongest_claim","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C1","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"weakest_assumption","text":"The observed electrical signals arise primarily from piezoelectric response to thermally generated stress rather than from direct thermoelectric, pyroelectric, or contact-related effects, and that the device geometry isolates the thermomechanical contribution without significant artifacts.","source":"verdict.weakest_assumption","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C2","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"one_line_summary","text":"Heating quartz on-chip produces anisotropic electrical currents from thermally induced stress via piezoelectric coupling, showing twofold symmetry in X-cut and threefold in Z-cut crystals, detectable in both current and voltage modes.","source":"verdict.one_line_summary","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C3","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"headline","text":"Heating quartz crystals produces electrical currents through thermally generated mechanical stress and piezoelectric coupling.","source":"verdict.pith_extraction.headline","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C4","attestation":"unclaimed"}],"snapshot_sha256":"3e51e953f913f547d12f560ee54e7b8751604a6ab75dcd39e478a68a19a7292e"},"source":{"id":"2605.17226","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":"7c932855-8500-4be2-ac43-688f3d19ebc7","model_set":{"reader":"grok-4.3"},"created_at":"2026-05-19T23:26:38.874405Z","strongest_claim":"Heating inherently generates mechanical stress through thermal expansion, which in turn produces measurable electrical signals via electromechanical coupling; the on-chip device probes the anisotropy of the piezoelectric tensor through the thermally generated current, exhibiting twofold and threefold responses for X-cut and Z-cut crystals respectively.","one_line_summary":"Heating quartz on-chip produces anisotropic electrical currents from thermally induced stress via piezoelectric coupling, showing twofold symmetry in X-cut and threefold in Z-cut crystals, detectable in both current and voltage modes.","pipeline_version":"pith-pipeline@v0.9.0","weakest_assumption":"The observed electrical signals arise primarily from piezoelectric response to thermally generated stress rather than from direct thermoelectric, pyroelectric, or contact-related effects, and that the device geometry isolates the thermomechanical contribution without significant artifacts.","pith_extraction_headline":"Heating quartz crystals produces electrical currents through thermally generated mechanical stress and piezoelectric coupling."},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2605.17226/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[{"name":"doi_title_agreement","ran_at":"2026-05-19T23:31:20.348245Z","status":"completed","version":"1.0.0","findings_count":0},{"name":"doi_compliance","ran_at":"2026-05-19T23:31:18.298461Z","status":"completed","version":"1.0.0","findings_count":0},{"name":"claim_evidence","ran_at":"2026-05-19T22:01:57.908920Z","status":"completed","version":"1.0.0","findings_count":0},{"name":"ai_meta_artifact","ran_at":"2026-05-19T21:33:23.805894Z","status":"skipped","version":"1.0.0","findings_count":0}],"snapshot_sha256":"d17c38869219362db8a01db0c5842062d8e8336ea2551f5ac5a86503637feee8"},"references":{"count":21,"sample":[{"doi":"","year":1976,"title":"N. 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