{"paper":{"title":"Dual-mode ground-state cooling in quadratic optomechanical systems: from multistability to general dark-mode suppression","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"Simultaneous ground-state cooling of two mechanical resonators occurs on stable branches in a quadratic optomechanical system.","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"quant-ph","authors_text":"Huanhuan Wei, Jing Tang, Yuangang Deng, Yun Chen","submitted_at":"2026-04-16T01:11:32Z","abstract_excerpt":"We theoretically investigate a quadratic optomechanical system comprising a single-mode optical cavity linearly coupled to one mechanical resonator and quadratically coupled to a second resonator. By tuning the cavity detuning and optomechanical coupling strengths, we demonstrate the transition from optical bistability to multistability with up to seven steady-state solutions. Notably, simultaneous ground-state cooling of both mechanical resonators occurs on the dynamically stable branch of the nonlinear steady-state solutions, offering new opportunities for combined nonlinear optical and quan"},"claims":{"count":4,"items":[{"kind":"strongest_claim","text":"simultaneous ground-state cooling of both mechanical resonators occurs on the dynamically stable branch of the nonlinear steady-state solutions, offering new opportunities for combined nonlinear optical and quantum cooling functionalities","source":"verdict.strongest_claim","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C1","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"weakest_assumption","text":"That the idealized Hamiltonian and steady-state analysis capture the dominant physics without unmodeled losses, thermal noise, or higher-order nonlinearities that would destabilize the cooling branches in a real device.","source":"verdict.weakest_assumption","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C2","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"one_line_summary","text":"Dual-mode ground-state cooling of two mechanical resonators is achieved in a quadratic optomechanical system by tuning detuning and couplings to suppress dark-mode interference on stable branches.","source":"verdict.one_line_summary","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C3","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"headline","text":"Simultaneous ground-state cooling of two mechanical resonators occurs on stable branches in a quadratic optomechanical system.","source":"verdict.pith_extraction.headline","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C4","attestation":"unclaimed"}],"snapshot_sha256":"57ca09adcd8a5f137aa83c2bf2a567a4e269028a10f7da18d20a6caf3b1bb585"},"source":{"id":"2604.14515","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":"d1b334c8-9a41-45c2-969c-4ae0ab738bfb","model_set":{"reader":"grok-4.3"},"created_at":"2026-05-10T11:56:17.988565Z","strongest_claim":"simultaneous ground-state cooling of both mechanical resonators occurs on the dynamically stable branch of the nonlinear steady-state solutions, offering new opportunities for combined nonlinear optical and quantum cooling functionalities","one_line_summary":"Dual-mode ground-state cooling of two mechanical resonators is achieved in a quadratic optomechanical system by tuning detuning and couplings to suppress dark-mode interference on stable branches.","pipeline_version":"pith-pipeline@v0.9.0","weakest_assumption":"That the idealized Hamiltonian and steady-state analysis capture the dominant physics without unmodeled losses, thermal noise, or higher-order nonlinearities that would destabilize the cooling branches in a real device.","pith_extraction_headline":"Simultaneous ground-state cooling of two mechanical resonators occurs on stable branches in a quadratic optomechanical system."},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2604.14515/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":79,"sample":[{"doi":"","year":null,"title":"Additionally, an external driving field with frequency ω L and amplitude η is applied to the optical cavity. Under the rotating-wave approximation, the relevant Hamiltonian for the system reads: ˆH/ ℏ ","work_id":"e4269f18-d422-4958-a4b1-6139bed232c0","ref_index":1,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"","year":null,"title":"These coefficients determine the number and stability of the steady-state solutions, enabling a comprehensive understanding of the system’s multistable behavior","work_id":"9b29934a-a655-40df-97f2-fe44c5156e7f","ref_index":2,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"","year":null,"title":"reduces to a linear response with a single steady-state solution. Once optomechanical interactions are introduced ( g1 ̸= 0 and/or g2 ̸= 0), the system’s be- havior changes qualitatively, and multiple","work_id":"4e2c7124-29b0-4f54-947f-57536559c722","ref_index":3,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"","year":null,"title":"reduces to a third-order polynomial, then the sys- tem exhibits three steady-state solutions, corresponding to a conventional optical bistability scenario. Physically, this implies that the inclusion ","work_id":"e80a45e2-52e8-4e15-b261-09efd33d85c3","ref_index":4,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"","year":null,"title":"The emergence of five roots suggests that quadratic cou- pling alone can induce higher-order multistability","work_id":"74038520-3151-4e17-9ece-9bdfc5b2ef11","ref_index":5,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false}],"resolved_work":79,"snapshot_sha256":"44060a27e182ba10db30934093b1bc8ef9d39c76fb1921bc4f3402967fc67f3e","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}