{"paper":{"title":"The Formation of the massive galaxies in the SSA22 z=3.1 protocluster","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","authors_text":"Bret. D. Lehmer, David. M. Alexander, Giovanni. G. Fazio, Ichi Tnaka, J.-S. Huang, Koji Omata, Mariko Kubo, Masahiro Konishi, Masaru Kajisawa, Masayuki Akiyama, Ryuji Suzuki, Takashi Ichikawa, Tetsuo Nishimura, Tomohiro Yoshikawa, Tomoki Hayashino, Toru Yamada, Yuichi Matsuda, Yuka Katsuno Uchimoto","submitted_at":"2013-10-08T07:44:40Z","abstract_excerpt":"The properties of K-band selected galaxies (K_AB<24) in the z = 3.09 SSA22 protocluster field are studied. 430 galaxies at 2.6 < z_phot < 3.6 are selected as potential protocluster members in a 112 arcmin^2 area based on their photometric redshifts. We find that \\approx 20% of the massive galaxies with stellar masses >10^11 M_sun at z_phot \\sim 3.1 have colors consistent with those of quiescent galaxies with ages > 0.5 Gyr. This fraction increases to \\approx 50% after correcting for unrelated foreground/background objects. We also find that 30% of the massive galaxies are heavily reddened dust"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1310.2020","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}