{"paper":{"title":"Hadamard-Based Recursive Aperture Decoded Ultrasound Imaging (READI) With Estimated Motion-Compensated Compounding (EMC2) Using Top-Orthogonal to Bottom Electrode (TOBE) Arrays","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"Recursive decoding with motion estimation restores high-resolution ultrasound images from moving probes.","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"eess.IV","authors_text":"Afshin Kashani Ilkhechi, Darren Dahunsi, Mohammad Rahim Sobhani, Negar Majidi, Randy Palamar, Roger Zemp, Tyler Keith Henry, Ying Wan","submitted_at":"2025-09-10T17:08:50Z","abstract_excerpt":"Hadamard matrix-based aperture encoding is a method for producing synthetic aperture datasets with high Signal-to-Noise Ratios. Recently, the pulse inversion capabilities of bias-sensitive Top-Orthogonal to Bottom Electrode (TOBE) arrays have driven the development of multiple Hadamard-based sequences. These sequences produce high-quality static images but are sensitive to motion. This work introduces Recursive Aperture Decoded Imaging (READI) and Estimated Motion-Compensated Compounding (EMC2), which look to reduce this sensitivity. READI is a novel decoding and beamforming technique for Hada"},"claims":{"count":4,"items":[{"kind":"strongest_claim","text":"READI with EMC2 applied to the TOBE-based FORCES sequence fully restores images corrupted by probe motion and recovers tissue speckle and boundaries in images of a beating heart phantom.","source":"verdict.strongest_claim","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C1","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"weakest_assumption","text":"That motion between the low-resolution READI sub-images can be estimated accurately enough from their differences to allow reliable warping and compounding without introducing new artifacts.","source":"verdict.weakest_assumption","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C2","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"one_line_summary","text":"READI with EMC2 restores high-resolution ultrasound images from motion-corrupted Hadamard-encoded TOBE array data by generating and aligning multiple low-resolution sub-images.","source":"verdict.one_line_summary","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C3","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"headline","text":"Recursive decoding with motion estimation restores high-resolution ultrasound images from moving probes.","source":"verdict.pith_extraction.headline","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C4","attestation":"unclaimed"}],"snapshot_sha256":"38860b724d595e75450414dcda76ea74958c9fc8ee3b6dfe032f853c38acb4fc"},"source":{"id":"2509.08781","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"verdict":{"id":"5f03f54b-a214-40d1-9cca-fc754f28fbcb","model_set":{"reader":"grok-4.3"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T17:13:51.852073Z","strongest_claim":"READI with EMC2 applied to the TOBE-based FORCES sequence fully restores images corrupted by probe motion and recovers tissue speckle and boundaries in images of a beating heart phantom.","one_line_summary":"READI with EMC2 restores high-resolution ultrasound images from motion-corrupted Hadamard-encoded TOBE array data by generating and aligning multiple low-resolution sub-images.","pipeline_version":"pith-pipeline@v0.9.0","weakest_assumption":"That motion between the low-resolution READI sub-images can be estimated accurately enough from their differences to allow reliable warping and compounding without introducing new artifacts.","pith_extraction_headline":"Recursive decoding with motion estimation restores high-resolution ultrasound images from moving probes."},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2509.08781/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":2,"snapshot_sha256":"61dae1b781c1541310a1a1a54b66dc8072bf1a5306fa31efdcb148305793ab00"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}