{"paper":{"title":"t-STEP: An interpretable model for Total Electron Content predictions and irregularities estimations","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["physics.space-ph"],"primary_cat":"cs.LG","authors_text":"Andreas Hein, Carl Shneider, Claudio Cesaroni, Maxime Cordy, Stephen Tete, Vasily Petrov","submitted_at":"2026-06-28T23:21:37Z","abstract_excerpt":"Earth system infrastructures relying on satellite-based technologies, such as Global Positioning System (GPS) communications, are affected by ionospheric Total Electron Content (TEC) gradients. Modeling these gradients under physical constraints remains challenging due to their dynamic and transient nature. While existing machine learning (ML) models can predict hourly TEC variations, it remains unclear whether their temporal resolution is sufficient to preserve small-scale TEC irregularities within predicted signals. To address this gap, we introduce an interpretable ML-based model, t-STEP, d"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2606.29644","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2606.29644/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}