{"paper":{"title":"Spectral and Energy Efficiency of Cell-Free Massive MIMO Systems with Hardware Impairments","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["math.IT"],"primary_cat":"cs.IT","authors_text":"Emil Bj\\\"ornson, Jiayi Zhang, Xu Li, Yinghua Wei, Yu Han","submitted_at":"2017-09-09T13:12:32Z","abstract_excerpt":"Cell-free massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), with a large number of distributed access points (APs) that jointly serve the user equipments (UEs), is a promising network architecture for future wireless communications. To reduce the cost and power consumption of such systems, it is important to utilize low-quality transceiver hardware at the APs. However, the impact of hardware impairments on cell-free massive MIMO has thus far not been studied. In this paper, we take a first look at this important topic by utilizing well-established models of hardware distortion and deriving new cl"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1709.02950","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}