{"paper":{"title":"MCP-SandboxScan: WASM-based Secure Execution and Runtime Analysis for MCP Tools","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.SE"],"primary_cat":"cs.CR","authors_text":"Christos Anagnostopoulos, Jeremy Singer, Run Hao, Yutian Tang, Zhuoran Tan","submitted_at":"2026-01-03T17:25:38Z","abstract_excerpt":"Tool-augmented Large Language Model (LLM) agents create a new supply-chain surface: Model Context Protocol (MCP) tools are installed like third-party packages, yet their outputs can enter the agent's reasoning context. This enables confused-deputy risks in which attacker-controlled inputs cause otherwise benign tools to exercise legitimate authority over files, environment variables, or network-facing operations and reflect sensitive or instruction-like content into LLM-visible fields. We present SandScope, an MCP-aware audit framework that combines runtime witness detection with semantic tool"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2601.01241","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2601.01241/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}