{"paper":{"title":"Reframing Population-Adjusted Indirect Comparisons as a Transportability Problem: An Estimand-Based Perspective and Implications for Health Technology Assessment","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"stat.ME","authors_text":"Conor Chandler, Jack Ishak","submitted_at":"2026-02-19T03:24:16Z","abstract_excerpt":"Population-adjusted indirect comparisons (PAICs) are widely used to synthesize evidence when randomized controlled trials enroll different patient populations and head-to-head comparisons are unavailable. Although PAICs adjust for observed population differences across trials, adjustment alone does not ensure transportability of estimated effects to decision-relevant populations for health technology assessment (HTA). We examine and formalize transportability in PAICs from an estimand-based perspective. We distinguish conditional and marginal treatment effect estimands and show how transportab"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2602.17041","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2602.17041/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}