{"paper":{"title":"Migration and Growth of Protoplanetary Embryos III: Mass and Metallicity Dependence for FGKM main-sequence stars","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","authors_text":"Beibei Liu, Doug Lin, Xiaojia Zhang","submitted_at":"2016-05-17T19:24:39Z","abstract_excerpt":"Radial velocity and transit surveys have found that the fraction of FGKM stars with close-in super-Earth(s) ($\\eta_\\oplus$) is around $30 \\%- 50\\%$, independent of the stellar mass $M_\\ast$ and metallicity $Z_\\ast$. In contrast, the fraction of solar-type stars harboring one or more gas giants ($\\eta_J $) with masses $M_{\\rm p} > 100 \\ M_\\oplus $ is nearly $ 10\\%-15\\%$, and it appears to increase with both $M_\\ast$ and $Z_\\ast$. Regardless of the properties of their host stars, the total mass of some multiple super-Earth systems exceeds the core mass of Jupiter and Saturn. We suggest that both"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1605.05294","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}