{"paper":{"title":"Finding quadruply imaged quasars with machine learning. I. Methods","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","authors_text":"A. Akhazhanov, A. Amini, A. A. Plazas Malag\\'on, A. Carnero Rosell, A. Choi, A. G. Kim, A. More, A. Palmese, A. Pieres, A. Shajib, B. Flaugher, B. Nord, C. Conselice, C. Hazlett, C. Lemon, C. To, D. A. Finley, D. Brooks, D. Gruen, D. J. James, D. L. Burke, D. L. Hollowood, D. W. Gerdes, E. Buckley-Geer, E. Sanchez, E. Suchyta, F. Andrade-Oliveira, F. Menanteau, F. Paz-Chinch\\'on, G. Gutierrez, G. Tarle, H. Lin, I. Ferrero, I. Sevilla-Noarbe, J. Annis, J. Carretero, J. De Vicente, J. Frieman, J. Garc\\'ia-Bellido, J. Gschwend, J. P. Dietrich, J. Weller, K. Honscheid, K. Kuehn, L. N. da Costa, M. A. G. Maia, M. Aguena, M. Carrasco Kind, M. Costanzi, M. E. C. Swanson, M. E. S. Pereira, M. Lima, M. March, M. Smith, M. Soares-Santos, N. Kuropatkin, O. Lahav, P. Doel, P. Schechter, R. A. Gruendl, R. Miquel, R. Morgan, S. Allam, S. Birrer, S. Desai, S. Everett, S. R. Hinton, S. Serrano, T. N. Varga, T. Treu, V. Scarpine","submitted_at":"2021-09-20T18:17:16Z","abstract_excerpt":"Strongly lensed quadruply imaged quasars (quads) are extraordinary objects. They are very rare in the sky -- only a few tens are known to date -- and yet they provide unique information about a wide range of topics, including the expansion history and the composition of the Universe, the distribution of stars and dark matter in galaxies, the host galaxies of quasars, and the stellar initial mass function. Finding them in astronomical images is a classic \"needle in a haystack\" problem, as they are outnumbered by other (contaminant) sources by many orders of magnitude. To solve this problem, we "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2109.09781","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2109.09781/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}