{"paper":{"title":"The Hubble Tension and Early Dark Energy","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"The Hubble tension between local and early-universe expansion-rate measurements may be resolved by early dark energy that speeds up expansion before recombination while satisfying existing constraints.","cross_cats":["gr-qc","hep-ph"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","authors_text":"Adam G. Riess, Marc Kamionkowski","submitted_at":"2022-11-08T19:00:16Z","abstract_excerpt":"Over the past decade, the disparity between the value of the cosmic expansion rate directly determined from measurements of distance and redshift or instead from the standard $\\Lambda$CDM cosmological model calibrated by measurements from the early Universe, has grown to a level of significance requiring a solution. Proposed systematic errors are not supported by the breadth of available data (and \"unknown errors\" untestable by lack of definition). Simple theoretical explanations for this \"Hubble tension\" that are consistent with the majority of the data have been surprisingly hard to come by,"},"claims":{"count":3,"items":[{"kind":"strongest_claim","text":"Early-Universe solutions are currently favored and early dark energy provides a workable example that can be tested with future measurements while remaining consistent with the majority of the data.","source":"verdict.strongest_claim","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C1","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"weakest_assumption","text":"That proposed systematic errors in the measurements are not supported by the breadth of available data and that unknown errors are untestable, thereby directing attention to early-Universe modifications of LambdaCDM.","source":"verdict.weakest_assumption","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C2","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"one_line_summary","text":"The Hubble tension between local and early-universe expansion-rate measurements may be resolved by early dark energy that speeds up expansion before recombination while satisfying existing constraints.","source":"verdict.one_line_summary","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C3","attestation":"unclaimed"}],"snapshot_sha256":"eb3f14601f9ecee4c7f57bc0330a0c1caf6b99a1fe9707c2702e2aed0f31034d"},"source":{"id":"2211.04492","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":"67b69f4c-d5ac-4e08-aa0a-e528e710268f","model_set":{"reader":"grok-4.3"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:37:18.907063Z","strongest_claim":"Early-Universe solutions are currently favored and early dark energy provides a workable example that can be tested with future measurements while remaining consistent with the majority of the data.","one_line_summary":"The Hubble tension between local and early-universe expansion-rate measurements may be resolved by early dark energy that speeds up expansion before recombination while satisfying existing constraints.","pipeline_version":"pith-pipeline@v0.9.0","weakest_assumption":"That proposed systematic errors in the measurements are not supported by the breadth of available data and that unknown errors are untestable, thereby directing attention to early-Universe modifications of LambdaCDM.","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}