{"paper":{"title":"Rapid cosmic-ray acceleration at perpendicular shocks in supernova remnants","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.SR","physics.plasm-ph"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","authors_text":"John G. Kirk, Makoto Takamoto","submitted_at":"2015-06-14T06:29:33Z","abstract_excerpt":"Perpendicular shocks are shown to be rapid particle accelerators that perform optimally when the ratio $u_{\\rm s}$ of the shock speed to the particle speed roughly equals the ratio $1/\\eta$ of the scattering rate to the gyro frequency. We use analytical methods and Monte-Carlo simulations to solve the kinetic equation that governs the anisotropy generated at these shocks, and find, for $\\eta u_{\\rm s}\\approx1$, that the spectral index softens by unity and the acceleration time increases by a factor of two compared to the standard result of diffusive shock acceleration theory. These results pro"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1506.04354","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}