{"paper":{"title":"Unitarity of theories containing fractional powers of the d'Alembertian operator","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"hep-th","authors_text":"C. Morais Smith, E. C. Marino, Leandro O. Nascimento, Van S\\'ergio Alves","submitted_at":"2014-08-07T16:00:22Z","abstract_excerpt":"We examine the unitarity of a class of generalized Maxwell U(1) gauge theories in (2+1) D containing the pseudodifferential operator $\\Box^{1-\\alpha}$, for $\\alpha \\in [0,1)$. We show that only Quantum Electrodynamics (QED$_3$) and its generalization known as Pseudo Quantum Electrodynamics (PQED), for which $\\alpha =0$ and $\\alpha = 1/2$, respectively, satisfy unitarity. The latter plays an important role in the description of the electromagnetic interactions of charged particles confined to a plane, such as in graphene or in hetero-junctions displaying the quantum Hall effect."},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1408.1637","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}