{"paper":{"title":"The automated computation of tree-level and next-to-leading order differential cross sections, and their matching to parton shower simulations","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"A unified framework automates tree-level and next-to-leading order differential cross sections along with parton-shower matching and sample merging.","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"hep-ph","authors_text":"F. Maltoni, H.-S. Shao, J. Alwall, M. Zaro, O. Mattelaer, P. Torrielli, R. Frederix, S. Frixione, T. Stelzer, V. Hirschi","submitted_at":"2014-05-01T20:24:46Z","abstract_excerpt":"We discuss the theoretical bases that underpin the automation of the computations of tree-level and next-to-leading order cross sections, of their matching to parton shower simulations, and of the merging of matched samples that differ by light-parton multiplicities. We present a computer program, MadGraph5_aMC@NLO, capable of handling all these computations -- parton-level fixed order, shower-matched, merged -- in a unified framework whose defining features are flexibility, high level of parallelisation, and human intervention limited to input physics quantities. We demonstrate the potential "},"claims":{"count":4,"items":[{"kind":"strongest_claim","text":"We present a computer program, MadGraph5_aMC@NLO, capable of handling all these computations -- parton-level fixed order, shower-matched, merged -- in a unified framework whose defining features are flexibility, high level of parallelisation, and human intervention limited to input physics quantities.","source":"verdict.strongest_claim","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C1","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"weakest_assumption","text":"That the automation for any given renormalisable Lagrangian requires no changes from the user viewpoint and that the implementation of non-QCD corrections is well under way, as stated in the abstract.","source":"verdict.weakest_assumption","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C2","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"one_line_summary","text":"MadGraph5_aMC@NLO automates tree-level, NLO, shower-matched, and merged cross-section computations for collider processes in a unified flexible framework.","source":"verdict.one_line_summary","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C3","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"headline","text":"A unified framework automates tree-level and next-to-leading order differential cross sections along with parton-shower matching and sample merging.","source":"verdict.pith_extraction.headline","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C4","attestation":"unclaimed"}],"snapshot_sha256":"a05abc5cced31f20153e785c97c5b8e3d2a2ff69d6f360aff0949380939fa530"},"source":{"id":"1405.0301","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":"91cb6906-c6ab-46ce-8971-1bf776c30dc9","model_set":{"reader":"grok-4.3"},"created_at":"2026-05-11T12:46:45.212447Z","strongest_claim":"We present a computer program, MadGraph5_aMC@NLO, capable of handling all these computations -- parton-level fixed order, shower-matched, merged -- in a unified framework whose defining features are flexibility, high level of parallelisation, and human intervention limited to input physics quantities.","one_line_summary":"MadGraph5_aMC@NLO automates tree-level, NLO, shower-matched, and merged cross-section computations for collider processes in a unified flexible framework.","pipeline_version":"pith-pipeline@v0.9.0","weakest_assumption":"That the automation for any given renormalisable Lagrangian requires no changes from the user viewpoint and that the implementation of non-QCD corrections is well under way, as stated in the abstract.","pith_extraction_headline":"A unified framework automates tree-level and next-to-leading order differential cross sections along with parton-shower matching and sample merging."},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/1405.0301/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":300,"sample":[{"doi":"","year":1973,"title":"D. J. Gross and F. Wilczek, Ultraviolet Behavior of Nonabelian Gauge Theories , Phys.Rev.Lett. 30 (1973) 1343–1346","work_id":"6ff15591-1320-47db-abad-27154c9d5e2b","ref_index":1,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"","year":1973,"title":"H. D. Politzer, Reliable Perturbative Results for Strong Interactions? , Phys.Rev.Lett. 30 (1973) 1346–1349","work_id":"a4c96d63-3890-435e-9913-b954a28899d1","ref_index":2,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"","year":1973,"title":"T. Appelquist and H. Georgi, e+e− annihilation in gauge theories of strong interactions , Phys.Rev. D8 (1973) 4000–4002","work_id":"f553b937-729c-4ab6-ba1b-6e102956ff37","ref_index":3,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"","year":1977,"title":"G. F. Sterman and S. Weinberg, Jets from Quantum Chromodynamics , Phys.Rev.Lett. 39 (1977) 1436","work_id":"e3a9d840-2d7d-47dc-a7b3-6c51ede79bb4","ref_index":4,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"","year":1977,"title":"A. Buras, E. Floratos, D. Ross, and C. T. Sachrajda, Asymptotic Freedom Beyond the Leading Order, Nucl.Phys. B131 (1977) 308","work_id":"08faff01-820b-401d-b7d1-dce7fc5351b5","ref_index":5,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false}],"resolved_work":300,"snapshot_sha256":"435cb5f5eeb59546a9047c4e0f39dddcc2b823fd5935732004a155879eb947fa","internal_anchors":117},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":1,"snapshot_sha256":"f14b2ad00c0edccb14319f1394a0dc77d2ff0398e6e80d98ffcafae9654704af"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}