{"paper":{"title":"Strongly gravitational lensed SNe Ia as multi-messengers: Direct test of the Friedmann-Lema\\^{\\i}tre-Robertson-Walker metric","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.GA","gr-qc"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","authors_text":"Jing-Zhao Qi, Marek Biesiada, Shou Cao, Xiaogang Zheng, Xuheng Ding, Zong-Hong Zhu","submitted_at":"2018-02-15T13:59:39Z","abstract_excerpt":"We present a new idea of testing the validity of the Friedman-Lema\\^{\\i}tre-Robertson-Walker metric, through the multiple measurements of galactic-scale strong gravitational lensing systems with type Ia supernovae in the role of sources. Each individual lensing system will provide a model-independent measurement of the spatial curvature parameter referring only to geometrical optics independently of the matter content of the universe. This will create a valuable opportunity to test the FLRW metric directly. Our results show that with hundreds of strongly lensed SNe Ia observed by LSST, one wou"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1802.05532","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}