{"paper":{"title":"A formation scenario of black hole-envelope systems --viscous hydrodynamics simulation in general relativity--","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.GA"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","authors_text":"Alan Tsz Lok Lam, Carlo Musolino, Kenta Hotokezaka, Masaru Shibata","submitted_at":"2026-05-22T18:00:02Z","abstract_excerpt":"By performing a viscous hydrodynamics simulation in general relativity for super-Eddington accretion flows onto massive black holes of mass $M=10^5$--$10^7M_\\odot$, we discuss a formation scenario for black hole-envelope systems. We consider the mass accretion rate of $a^3/G \\approx 1.5 \\times 10^{25} (a/10\\,\\mathrm{km\\,s^{-1}})^3$\\,g/s, comparable to the Eddington mass accretion rate of a $10^7M_\\odot$ black hole, assuming that the gas temperature of the infalling matter is $\\lesssim 10^4$\\,K. Here, $a$ and $G$ denote the sound speed and gravitational constant. For the accretion flow, we set "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2605.24087","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2605.24087/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}