{"paper":{"title":"$\\sigma$-zero: Gradient-based Optimization of $\\ell_0$-norm Adversarial Examples","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.CR","cs.CV"],"primary_cat":"cs.LG","authors_text":"Antonio Emanuele Cin\\`a, Battista Biggio, Francesco Villani, Lea Sch\\\"onherr, Marcello Pelillo, Maura Pintor","submitted_at":"2024-02-02T20:08:11Z","abstract_excerpt":"Evaluating the adversarial robustness of deep networks to gradient-based attacks is challenging. While most attacks consider $\\ell_2$- and $\\ell_\\infty$-norm constraints to craft input perturbations, only a few investigate sparse $\\ell_1$- and $\\ell_0$-norm attacks. In particular, $\\ell_0$-norm attacks remain the least studied due to the inherent complexity of optimizing over a non-convex and non-differentiable constraint. However, evaluating adversarial robustness under these attacks could reveal weaknesses otherwise left untested with more conventional $\\ell_2$- and $\\ell_\\infty$-norm attack"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2402.01879","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2402.01879/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}