{"paper":{"title":"Multiport Antenna Q-factor","license":"http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","headline":"A generalized Q-factor estimates multiport antenna bandwidth from single-frequency port data.","cross_cats":["cs.IT","math.IT"],"primary_cat":"eess.SP","authors_text":"Lukas Jelinek, Miloslav Capek, Vojtech Neuman","submitted_at":"2026-05-12T07:46:21Z","abstract_excerpt":"This article proposes an estimate of multiport antenna bandwidth based on a generalization of a single-port Q-factor. The explicit derivation is based on converting the stored energy matrix to its port equivalent and on the port parameters themselves. The work discusses the bandwidth dependencies on feeding and matching. Derived formulas are shown to utilize the total active reflection coefficient and allow for a single-frequency bandwidth evaluation. Examples comprising two different dipole arrays and electrically large patch antenna arrays validate the theory."},"claims":{"count":4,"items":[{"kind":"strongest_claim","text":"The explicit derivation is based on converting the stored energy matrix to its port equivalent and on the port parameters themselves. Derived formulas are shown to utilize the total active reflection coefficient and allow for a single-frequency bandwidth evaluation.","source":"verdict.strongest_claim","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C1","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"weakest_assumption","text":"That converting the stored energy matrix to an equivalent port form preserves the bandwidth information accurately for arbitrary feeding and matching networks.","source":"verdict.weakest_assumption","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C2","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"one_line_summary","text":"A multiport Q-factor generalization converts stored energy to port parameters and uses total active reflection coefficient for single-frequency bandwidth estimation in antenna arrays.","source":"verdict.one_line_summary","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C3","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"headline","text":"A generalized Q-factor estimates multiport antenna bandwidth from single-frequency port data.","source":"verdict.pith_extraction.headline","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C4","attestation":"unclaimed"}],"snapshot_sha256":"2094083342ff46e58fcad579c4f63c729c01075cbce0309049f862e4c1a319eb"},"source":{"id":"2605.12564","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":"372b3df5-7923-4fb8-a810-a7b81db9d2f7","model_set":{"reader":"grok-4.3"},"created_at":"2026-05-14T20:45:36.242533Z","strongest_claim":"The explicit derivation is based on converting the stored energy matrix to its port equivalent and on the port parameters themselves. Derived formulas are shown to utilize the total active reflection coefficient and allow for a single-frequency bandwidth evaluation.","one_line_summary":"A multiport Q-factor generalization converts stored energy to port parameters and uses total active reflection coefficient for single-frequency bandwidth estimation in antenna arrays.","pipeline_version":"pith-pipeline@v0.9.0","weakest_assumption":"That converting the stored energy matrix to an equivalent port form preserves the bandwidth information accurately for arbitrary feeding and matching networks.","pith_extraction_headline":"A generalized Q-factor estimates multiport antenna bandwidth from single-frequency port data."},"references":{"count":63,"sample":[{"doi":"","year":1996,"title":"C. A. Balanis,Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design, 2nd ed. Wiley, 1996","work_id":"946b844b-5a71-4c47-b0eb-67f8672888b8","ref_index":1,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"","year":2011,"title":"A. F. Molisch,Wireless Communications, 2nd ed. Wiley, 2011","work_id":"7362b655-54bc-4fcf-b623-eaf2ed8de144","ref_index":2,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"","year":2010,"title":"J. V olakis, C. C. Chen, and K. Fujimoto,Small Antennas: Miniaturiza- tion Techniques and Applications, 1st ed., W. C. Chew, M. S. Tong, and B. Hu, Eds. McGraw-Hill Professional, 2010","work_id":"af399b05-8992-4cb0-a766-64655f5f4afe","ref_index":3,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"","year":2025,"title":"Fundamentals of antenna bandwidth and quality factor,","work_id":"00d10d50-c50a-42b3-a0ce-6128c7ae51be","ref_index":4,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"","year":2023,"title":"Q-bounded max- imum directivity of self-resonant antennas,","work_id":"91bbe8b4-8945-4b47-bd6a-5fc048518b45","ref_index":5,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false}],"resolved_work":63,"snapshot_sha256":"126f50c1a3da041bf2a16d2a4d50098e0b8dee4a23054c040b65c2567528423c","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":2,"snapshot_sha256":"679463d1bfc57144996f97a79dec0c43f0d859d83b22797a0720e92110e4e98e"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}