{"paper":{"title":"Revealing Four Subpopulations of Binary Black-Hole Mergers with the Fifth Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","authors_text":"Eric Thrane, Nir Guttman, Paul D. Lasky","submitted_at":"2026-07-24T06:16:03Z","abstract_excerpt":"Gravitational-wave data are beginning to reveal a structured landscape of black-hole masses and spins, suggesting multiple formation processes are now being resolved observationally. We analyze data from LIGO--Virgo--KAGRA's (LVK's) fifth Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog and find that the population is naturally described by four distinct subpopulations. The dominant component, contributing $\\simeq70\\%$ of the astrophysical merger rate, is characterised by a low-mass population centred near $10M_\\odot$ and is separated from heavier systems by a depletion near $14M_\\odot$. This component ma"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2607.22011","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2607.22011/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}