{"paper":{"title":"Scalar induced gravitational waves review","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"Scalar-induced gravitational waves have unified compact formulas valid for any early-universe expansion history.","cross_cats":["astro-ph.CO"],"primary_cat":"gr-qc","authors_text":"Guillem Dom\\`enech","submitted_at":"2021-09-03T09:44:21Z","abstract_excerpt":"We provide a review on the state-of-the-art of gravitational waves induced by primordial fluctuations, so-called induced gravitational waves. We present the intuitive physics behind induced gravitational waves and we revisit and unify the general analytical formulation. We then present general formulas in a compact form, ready to be applied. This review places emphasis on the open possibility that the primordial universe experienced a different expansion history than the often assumed radiation dominated cosmology. We hope that anyone interested in the topic will become aware of current advanc"},"claims":{"count":4,"items":[{"kind":"strongest_claim","text":"We revisit and unify the general analytical formulation. We then present general formulas in a compact form, ready to be applied.","source":"verdict.strongest_claim","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C1","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"weakest_assumption","text":"That the literature formulas can be unified without hidden inconsistencies or that the compact expressions remain accurate when applied to arbitrary expansion histories not explicitly checked in the review.","source":"verdict.weakest_assumption","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C2","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"one_line_summary","text":"A review that unifies analytical expressions for scalar-induced gravitational waves and emphasizes calculations for non-radiation-dominated cosmologies.","source":"verdict.one_line_summary","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C3","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"headline","text":"Scalar-induced gravitational waves have unified compact formulas valid for any early-universe expansion history.","source":"verdict.pith_extraction.headline","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C4","attestation":"unclaimed"}],"snapshot_sha256":"cb30216e8e547d2085923a05af5cacc63f79e59b086fff34524450bf6baacf1f"},"source":{"id":"2109.01398","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":"5f4b872e-b8df-4622-85c4-c70d27177283","model_set":{"reader":"grok-4.3"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T07:52:12.491988Z","strongest_claim":"We revisit and unify the general analytical formulation. We then present general formulas in a compact form, ready to be applied.","one_line_summary":"A review that unifies analytical expressions for scalar-induced gravitational waves and emphasizes calculations for non-radiation-dominated cosmologies.","pipeline_version":"pith-pipeline@v0.9.0","weakest_assumption":"That the literature formulas can be unified without hidden inconsistencies or that the compact expressions remain accurate when applied to arbitrary expansion histories not explicitly checked in the review.","pith_extraction_headline":"Scalar-induced gravitational waves have unified compact formulas valid for any early-universe expansion history."},"references":{"count":300,"sample":[{"doi":"","year":2021,"title":"Allahverdiet al., The First Three Seconds: a Re- view of Possible Expansion Histories of the Early Uni- verse, Open J","work_id":"6e63fb46-9be1-49e3-a08a-9db5ca298be8","ref_index":1,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"","year":2018,"title":"Planck 2018 results. VI. Cosmological parameters","work_id":"eeae0089-7b56-4c63-ace2-a31de468f6c5","ref_index":2,"cited_arxiv_id":"1807.06209","is_internal_anchor":true},{"doi":"","year":2018,"title":"Planck 2018 results. X. Constraints on inflation","work_id":"ac5d2133-b998-4b22-878d-b78fb5623e08","ref_index":3,"cited_arxiv_id":"1807.06211","is_internal_anchor":true},{"doi":"","year":1978,"title":"R. Brout, F. Englert and E. Gunzig,The Creation of the Universe as a Quantum Phenomenon, Annals Phys.115 (1978) 78","work_id":"0990c674-8c68-425f-9b68-c865bdadffc0","ref_index":4,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"","year":1979,"title":"Starobinsky,Spectrum of relict gravitational radiation and the early state of the universe, JETP Lett.30 (1979) 682","work_id":"42c72c69-61f0-4abc-82fa-017facfaee94","ref_index":5,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false}],"resolved_work":300,"snapshot_sha256":"bb931656a17cb216e1c8a7b26eade94fb78388980288d32dec8b1b0f10b3947c","internal_anchors":144},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":2,"snapshot_sha256":"f183de39d0e0f6f7c1c5188c5f58827df1d0bbc4483dc62a365a1408a8132b79"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}