{"paper":{"title":"Representing low mass black hole seeds in cosmological simulations: A new sub-grid stochastic seed model","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","authors_text":"Aklant K Bhowmick, Lars Hernquist, Laura Blecha, Luke Zoltan Kelley, Mark Vogelsberger, Paul Torrey, Rachel S. Somerville, Rainer Weinberger","submitted_at":"2023-09-27T01:15:27Z","abstract_excerpt":"The nature of the first seeds of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) is currently unknown, with postulated initial masses ranging from $\\sim10^5~M_{\\odot}$ to as low as $\\sim10^2~M_{\\odot}$. However, most existing cosmological simulations resolve BHs only down to $\\sim10^5-10^6~M_{\\odot}$. In this work, we introduce a novel sub-grid BH seed model that is directly calibrated from high resolution zoom simulations that can trace the formation and growth of $\\sim 10^3~M_{\\odot}$ seeds forming in halos with pristine, star-forming gas. We trace the BH growth along merger trees until their descendants r"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2309.15341","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2309.15341/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}