{"paper":{"title":"Ivory Tower Universities and Competitive Business Firms","license":"","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cond-mat.stat-mech","authors_text":"H. Eugene Stanley, Luis A. Nunes Amaral, Martin Meyer, Parameswaran Gopikrishnan, Vasiliki Plerou","submitted_at":"1999-06-16T02:15:49Z","abstract_excerpt":"There is nowadays considerable interest on ways to quantify the dynamics of research activities, in part due to recent changes in research and development (R&D) funding. Here, we seek to quantify and analyze university research activities, and compare their growth dynamics with those of business firms. Specifically, we analyze five distinct databases, the largest of which is a National Science Foundation database of the R&D expenditures for science and engineering of 719 United States (US) universities for the 17-year period 1979--1995. We find that the distribution of growth rates displays a "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"cond-mat/9906229","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}