{"paper":{"title":"Dynamic Transaction Scheduling and Pricing in the Ethereum Mempool","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","headline":"Dynamic block pricing via an MDP stabilizes Ethereum mempool volume near target capacity and produces EIP-1559-like updates.","cross_cats":["cs.CR","cs.DC","cs.NI","cs.SY","eess.SY"],"primary_cat":"cs.GT","authors_text":"Fatemeh Fardno, S. Rasoul Etesami","submitted_at":"2026-05-12T22:20:29Z","abstract_excerpt":"The Ethereum blockchain utilizes the EIP-1559 algorithm to manage transaction inclusion and block assembly. However, EIP-1559 and much of the existing literature study this problem from a static perspective, focusing on price evolution without modelling transaction dynamics within the mempool. Motivated by this limitation, we study a dynamic transaction scheduling problem in which transactions with heterogeneous sizes and per-unit values arrive over time and remain in the mempool until scheduled. To capture the stochastic mempool evolution, we formulate the problem as a Markov Decision Process"},"claims":{"count":4,"items":[{"kind":"strongest_claim","text":"Our results show that dynamic pricing stabilizes the mempool while maximizing long-run discounted reward. In particular, as the overshoot penalty increases, the average scheduled transaction volume converges to the target block capacity, and the resulting NPG updates closely resemble the EIP-1559 price update rule.","source":"verdict.strongest_claim","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C1","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"weakest_assumption","text":"The stochastic evolution of the mempool is fully captured by an MDP whose state is the current mempool configuration and whose objective correctly balances holding costs, overshoot penalties, and long-run discounted reward.","source":"verdict.weakest_assumption","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C2","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"one_line_summary","text":"Dynamic MDP pricing stabilizes Ethereum mempool volume, maximizes discounted reward, and recovers EIP-1559-like updates under high overshoot penalties.","source":"verdict.one_line_summary","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C3","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"headline","text":"Dynamic block pricing via an MDP stabilizes Ethereum mempool volume near target capacity and produces EIP-1559-like updates.","source":"verdict.pith_extraction.headline","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C4","attestation":"unclaimed"}],"snapshot_sha256":"2cc75252b19e0ca30cbb82b84737655937ed2ae1901e7b4b1f45bc058cc80a8e"},"source":{"id":"2605.12794","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":"04514119-33c2-4560-b51b-d2dddbb6c630","model_set":{"reader":"grok-4.3"},"created_at":"2026-05-14T19:20:15.521051Z","strongest_claim":"Our results show that dynamic pricing stabilizes the mempool while maximizing long-run discounted reward. In particular, as the overshoot penalty increases, the average scheduled transaction volume converges to the target block capacity, and the resulting NPG updates closely resemble the EIP-1559 price update rule.","one_line_summary":"Dynamic MDP pricing stabilizes Ethereum mempool volume, maximizes discounted reward, and recovers EIP-1559-like updates under high overshoot penalties.","pipeline_version":"pith-pipeline@v0.9.0","weakest_assumption":"The stochastic evolution of the mempool is fully captured by an MDP whose state is the current mempool configuration and whose objective correctly balances holding costs, overshoot penalties, and long-run discounted reward.","pith_extraction_headline":"Dynamic block pricing via an MDP stabilizes Ethereum mempool volume near target capacity and produces EIP-1559-like updates."},"references":{"count":14,"sample":[{"doi":"","year":2013,"title":"Fatemeh Fardno and S","work_id":"6ca54723-7b69-4b5b-b800-8d74d19be13b","ref_index":1,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"","year":2024,"title":"arXiv preprint arXiv:2402.08661(2024)","work_id":"4ab2c43d-b857-4a2c-baeb-bad8c7f6fc46","ref_index":2,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"","year":2026,"title":"Moshe Babaioff and Noam Nisan","work_id":"13479ef4-1dec-44c4-a6bb-3e3a6346c4be","ref_index":3,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"","year":2024,"title":"On the Optimality of EIP-1559 for Patient Bidders (Draft–Comments Welcome). (2024). Dimitri Bertsekas. 2012.Dynamic programming and optimal control: Volume I. Vol","work_id":"0b9a367a-1523-490c-8002-d3157a81bf82","ref_index":4,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"","year":2026,"title":"https: //ethereum.org/en/whitepaper","work_id":"c4e8f070-0736-4292-b7aa-bdb67d1b002d","ref_index":5,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false}],"resolved_work":14,"snapshot_sha256":"135b735017123377da89a75d965d30467cf1b3db2baad32d360fbd82793c2fe1","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}