{"paper":{"title":"Probing the Efficiency of Electron-Proton Coupling in Relativistic Collisionless Shocks through the Radio Polarimetry of Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglows","license":"","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph","authors_text":"Kenji Toma, Kunihito Ioka, Takashi Nakamura","submitted_at":"2007-09-21T00:20:20Z","abstract_excerpt":"The late-time optical/radio afterglows of $\\gamma$-ray bursts (GRBs) are believed to be synchrotron emission of electrons accelerated in relativistic collisionless shocks propagating in the ambient medium of the sources. However, the fraction $f$ of electrons that are coupled to protons and accelerated remains unclear and a large number of thermal electrons that are not coupled to protons may be left behind. If $f<1$, the true explosion energies of GRBs are $f^{-1}$ times larger than those commonly estimated with $f=1$. Thus the value of $f$ gives an important constraint on the nature of the c"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"0709.3332","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}