{"paper":{"title":"The fraction of ionizing radiation from massive stars that escapes to the intergalactic medium","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.CO"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","authors_text":"A. Cucchiara, A. de Ugarte Postigo, A. Gomboc, A. J. Levan, B. Milvang-Jensen, C. C. Thoene, D. A. Kann, D. A. Perley, D. Malesani, D. Watson, D. Xu, E. Berger, E. R. Stanway, G. Pugliese, G. Tagliaferri, J. Hjorth, J. Japelj, J. P. U. Fynbo, J. Selsing, K. E. Heintz, K. Wiersema, L. Izzo, L. Kaper, M. Myers, M. Sparre, N. R. Tanvir, P. Goldoni, P. Jakobsson, P. M. Vreeswijk, R. A. M. J. Wijers, R. Chornock, R. Sanchez-Ramirez, S. B. Cenko, S. Covino, S. Piranomonte, S. Schulze, S. Vergani, T. Kruehler, T. Laskar, V. D'Elia, Z. Cano","submitted_at":"2018-05-18T16:34:03Z","abstract_excerpt":"The part played by stars in the ionization of the intergalactic medium remains an open question. A key issue is the proportion of the stellar ionizing radiation that escapes the galaxies in which it is produced. Spectroscopy of gamma-ray burst afterglows can be used to determine the neutral hydrogen column-density in their host galaxies and hence the opacity to extreme ultra-violet radiation along the lines-of-sight to the bursts. Thus, making the reasonable assumption that long-duration GRB locations are representative of the sites of massive stars that dominate EUV production, one can calcul"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1805.07318","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}