{"paper":{"title":"The second data release from the European Pulsar Timing Array: IV. Implications for massive black holes, dark matter and the early Universe","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.GA","gr-qc"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","authors_text":"A. Bathula, A. Berthereau, A. Chalumeau, A. Franchini, A. G. Lyne, A. Gopakumar, A. Gualandris, A. Jessner, A. K. Paladi, A. Neronov, A. Parthasarathy, A. Petiteau, A. Possenti, A. Roper Pol, A. Samajdar, A.-S. Bak Nielsen, A. Sesana, A. Srivastava, A. Susobhanan, A. Vecchio, B. B. P. Perera, B. C. Joshi, B. Goncharov, B. W. Stappers, C. Caprini, C. Dwivedi, C. G. Bassa, C. Smarra, C. Tiburzi, D. A. Steer, D. Deb, D. Izquierdo-Villalba, D. J. Champion, D. Kharbanda, D. Perrodin, D. Semikoz, E. Barausse, E. Bortolas, E. F. Keane, E. Graikou, E. van der Wateren, F. Fastidio, F. Iraci, F. Kareem, G. Desvignes, G. H. Janssen, G. Shaifullah, G. Theureau, H. Hu, H. Middleton, H. Quelquejay Leclere, I. C. Nitu, I. Cognard, J. Antoniadis, J. Jang, J. Jawor, J.-M. Grie{\\ss}meier, J. P. W. Verbiest, J. R. Gair, J. Singha, J. Wang, J. W. McKee, K. J. Lee, K. Lackeos, K. Liu, K. Nobleson, K. Postnov, K. Takahashi, L. Guillemot, L. Speri, L. Wang, M. A. Krishnakumar, M. Bagchi, M. B. Mickaliger, M. Bonetti, M. Burgay, M. Crisostomi, M. Falxa, M. J. Keith, M. Kramer, M. Surnis, N. Dhanda-Batra, N. Kolhe, N. K. Porayko, P. Arumugam, P. Auclair, P. Rana, P. R. Brook, P. Tarafdar, R. A. Main, R. D. Ferdman, R. J. Truant, R. Karuppusamy, R. N. Caballero, R. Spiewak, S. Arumugam, S. A. Sanidas, S. Babak, S. Chanlaridis, S. Chen, S. C. Susarla, S. Dandapat, S. Desai, S. Hisano, S. Valtolina, T. Khizriev, T. Kikunaga, T. Prabu, V. Venkatraman Krishnan, Y. Gupta, Y. J. Guo, Y. Liu, Y. Maan, Z. Wu","submitted_at":"2023-06-28T13:51:15Z","abstract_excerpt":"The European Pulsar Timing Array (EPTA) and Indian Pulsar Timing Array (InPTA) collaborations have measured a low-frequency common signal in the combination of their second and first data releases respectively, with the correlation properties of a gravitational wave background (GWB). Such signal may have its origin in a number of physical processes including a cosmic population of inspiralling supermassive black hole binaries (SMBHBs); inflation, phase transitions, cosmic strings and tensor mode generation by non-linear evolution of scalar perturbations in the early Universe; oscillations of t"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2306.16227","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2306.16227/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}