{"paper":{"title":"Half-Spacetime Gauging of 2-Group Symmetry in 3d","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"Half-spacetime gauging of a 2-group symmetry in (2+1)d theories produces non-invertible duality defects with explicit fusion rules.","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"hep-th","authors_text":"Davide Bason, Lorenzo Ruggeri, Wei Cui","submitted_at":"2026-05-07T13:56:33Z","abstract_excerpt":"We construct a class of non-invertible duality defects, in (2+1)d quantum field theories, arising from half-spacetime gauging of a 2-group symmetry. Starting from a parent theory with two discrete and Abelian 0-form symmetries and a prescribed mixed anomaly, we show that gauging one factor produces a theory with a 2-group symmetry, while gauging the other yields a theory with a non-invertible 0-form symmetry, whose fusion rules we derive explicitly. When the parent theory possesses three such symmetries with a cyclic anomaly structure, gauging different factors can produce mutually dual theori"},"claims":{"count":4,"items":[{"kind":"strongest_claim","text":"We construct a class of non-invertible duality defects, in (2+1)d quantum field theories, arising from half-spacetime gauging of a 2-group symmetry. ... When the parent theory possesses three such symmetries with a cyclic anomaly structure, gauging different factors can produce mutually dual theories and the half-spacetime gauging of the 2-group is implemented by a non-invertible duality defect, whose fusion rules we obtain.","source":"verdict.strongest_claim","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C1","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"weakest_assumption","text":"The parent theory possesses two (or three) discrete and Abelian 0-form symmetries with a prescribed mixed anomaly that allows the gauging procedure to produce a 2-group symmetry or non-invertible symmetry as stated.","source":"verdict.weakest_assumption","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C2","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"one_line_summary","text":"Half-spacetime gauging of 2-group symmetries in (2+1)d QFTs produces non-invertible duality defects whose fusion rules are derived explicitly from parent theories with mixed anomalies.","source":"verdict.one_line_summary","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C3","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"headline","text":"Half-spacetime gauging of a 2-group symmetry in (2+1)d theories produces non-invertible duality defects with explicit fusion rules.","source":"verdict.pith_extraction.headline","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C4","attestation":"unclaimed"}],"snapshot_sha256":"8d6705290835f79184dfb5380495e7cfeb1b94649267fa9f1772f1f38178248b"},"source":{"id":"2605.06287","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":"b48555c1-3380-456f-b355-f91d983b1da1","model_set":{"reader":"grok-4.3"},"created_at":"2026-05-08T07:44:36.354531Z","strongest_claim":"We construct a class of non-invertible duality defects, in (2+1)d quantum field theories, arising from half-spacetime gauging of a 2-group symmetry. ... When the parent theory possesses three such symmetries with a cyclic anomaly structure, gauging different factors can produce mutually dual theories and the half-spacetime gauging of the 2-group is implemented by a non-invertible duality defect, whose fusion rules we obtain.","one_line_summary":"Half-spacetime gauging of 2-group symmetries in (2+1)d QFTs produces non-invertible duality defects whose fusion rules are derived explicitly from parent theories with mixed anomalies.","pipeline_version":"pith-pipeline@v0.9.0","weakest_assumption":"The parent theory possesses two (or three) discrete and Abelian 0-form symmetries with a prescribed mixed anomaly that allows the gauging procedure to produce a 2-group symmetry or non-invertible symmetry as stated.","pith_extraction_headline":"Half-spacetime gauging of a 2-group symmetry in (2+1)d theories produces non-invertible duality defects with explicit fusion rules."},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2605.06287/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[{"name":"claim_evidence","ran_at":"2026-05-20T12:42:04.104001Z","status":"completed","version":"1.0.0","findings_count":0},{"name":"ai_meta_artifact","ran_at":"2026-05-20T08:34:09.078419Z","status":"completed","version":"1.0.0","findings_count":0},{"name":"doi_title_agreement","ran_at":"2026-05-19T18:31:19.566722Z","status":"completed","version":"1.0.0","findings_count":0},{"name":"doi_compliance","ran_at":"2026-05-19T12:49:43.781053Z","status":"completed","version":"1.0.0","findings_count":0}],"snapshot_sha256":"a4d6ab19460ac91d69c126dce7872b8b4c020bf489935b07c22d1cca9271b1a8"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}