{"paper":{"title":"Characterization of galactic bars from 3.6 $\\mu$m S$^{4}$G imaging","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","authors_text":"Eija Laurikainen, Heikki Salo, Mart\\'in Herrera-Endoqui, Sim\\'on D\\'iaz-Garc\\'ia","submitted_at":"2015-09-22T19:54:23Z","abstract_excerpt":"We use the Spitzer Survey of Stellar Structure in Galaxies (S$^{4}$G) 3.6 $\\mu$m imaging to study the properties (length and strength) and fraction of bars at $z=0$. We use the maximum of tangential-to-radial force ratio in the bar region ($Q_{\\rm b}$) as a measure of the bar induced perturbation strength for a sample of $\\sim 600$ barred galaxies. Bars are also characterized from the maximum of the normalized m=2 Fourier density amplitude ($A_{2}^{\\rm max}$) and the bar maximum isophotal ellipticity ($\\varepsilon$). Combining our force calculations with the HI kinematics from the literature w"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1509.06743","kind":"arxiv","version":6},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}