{"arxiv_id":"astro-ph/0401206","incoming":{"papers":33,"sentences":49,"groups":[{"kind":"method_or_tool","label":"Uses its method or tool","papers":4,"sentences":4,"quotes":[{"arxiv_id":"2603.23247","title":"Pad\\'e semi-cosmographic reconstruction of residual dark energy in decaying dark matter cosmology: DESI DR2 BAO constraints and mock 21 cm forecasts","url":"/paper/2603.23247","section":"The 21-cm Intensity Mapping","sentence":"In linear theory, the redshift-space 21cm power spectrum at redshift $z$ is modelled as [ref] [equation] We have adopted the Alcock–Paczyński (AP) [ref] rescaling between the fiducial and trial cosmologies by defining [equation] where $H^f$ and $D_A^f$ are the Hubble parameter and Angular diameter distance in a fiducial cosmology, and the AP-remapped variables $(k̃,μ̃)$ are given by [equation] The redshift-space distortion parameter $β_T$ is given by [equation] Here $D_+(z)$ denotes the linear growing mode of density perturbations and $b_T(z)$ is the effective HI bias.","intent_p":0.98,"contests_p":null},{"arxiv_id":"2301.03624","title":"EDGES of the dark forest: A new absorption window into the composite dark matter and large scale structure","url":"/paper/2301.03624","section":"Global absorption signal in the CMB spectrum","sentence":"The optical depth per unit redshift is given by, [equation] The optical depth $τ_χ$ in eq.[ref] is obtained by integrating the line profile along the LoS in an expanding Universe using Sobolev approximation [ref] .","intent_p":0.94,"contests_p":null},{"arxiv_id":"1512.03325","title":"The effects of the small-scale DM power on the cosmological neutral hydrogen (\\HI) distribution at high redshifts","url":"/paper/1512.03325","section":"Generating the neutral hydrogen () maps","sentence":"The simulated distribution was finally mapped to redshift space ( [ref] ) using the scheme outlined in Ref. [ref] .","intent_p":1.0,"contests_p":null},{"arxiv_id":"2311.04556","title":"A GPR-Based Emulator for Semi-numerical Reionization Code SCRIPT: Parameter Inference from 21 cm Data","url":"/paper/2311.04556","section":"Generation of 21 cm light cones using","sentence":"The 21 cm brightness temperature at every grid cell, accounting for the redshift space distortions, can be obtained as [ref] δT_b(𝐱, z) = 27 mK x_HI(𝐱, z) Δ_m(𝐱, z) [1 + 1H(z)v_r(𝐱, z)r ]^-1 (1 + z10 0.15Ω_m h^2)^1/2 (Ω_b h^20.023), where $v_r$ is the line of sight component of the velocity $𝐯$ and $v_r / r$ is the gradient with respect to the comoving distance along the line of sight.","intent_p":0.84,"contests_p":null}]},{"kind":"data_used","label":"Uses its data or values","papers":1,"sentences":1,"quotes":[{"arxiv_id":"1104.5403","title":"The High-Redshift Neutral Hydrogen Signature of an Anisotropic Matter Power Spectrum","url":"/paper/1104.5403","section":"The 21 cm brightness temperature and its power spectrum","sentence":"[ref] gives the proportionality constant $g(z)$ for redshift $z$ between 10 and 1000.","intent_p":0.98,"contests_p":null}]},{"kind":"background","label":"Cites it as background","papers":9,"sentences":9,"quotes":[{"arxiv_id":"1312.4948","title":"A new light on 21 cm intensity fluctuations from the dark ages","url":"/paper/1312.4948","section":"Basic equations","sentence":"The subject of 21 cm absorption and its fluctuations during the dark ages has been treated extensively by multiple authors [ref] .","intent_p":1.0,"contests_p":null},{"arxiv_id":"0802.2102","title":"Evolution of the 21 cm signal throughout cosmic history","url":"/paper/0802.2102","section":"Introduction","sentence":"Recent work has explored the 21 cm signal that may arise during reionization [ref] from variations in the flux [ref] , X-ray heating [ref] , gas density [ref] or peculiar velocities [ref] .","intent_p":0.98,"contests_p":null},{"arxiv_id":"1610.06559","title":"Prospects for Cosmological Collider Physics","url":"/paper/1610.06559","section":"21-cm forecast for the template","sentence":"Due to the large comoving volume, as well as the high resolution that can be achieved by observing this redshifted 21-cm line, there has been numerous studies into using it for cosmological measurements [ref] .","intent_p":0.95,"contests_p":null},{"arxiv_id":"2606.03729","title":"Constraining Scale-Dependent Growth in $f(R)$ Gravity with Future 21 cm Surveys","url":"/paper/2606.03729","section":"A brief review of the Physics of 21cm Line","sentence":"After the formation of first luminous objects, $T_S$ couples with the Lyman $α$ photons which correspond to the colour temperature $T_α$ [ref] .","intent_p":0.9,"contests_p":null},{"arxiv_id":"1603.01206","title":"Violation of statistical isotropy and homogeneity in the 21-cm power spectrum","url":"/paper/1603.01206","section":"Introduction","sentence":"This process imprints the fluctuations present in the hydrogen density into the observed temperature anisotropies [ref] .","intent_p":0.86,"contests_p":null}]}],"unlabelled_sentences":35},"outgoing":{"papers":0,"sentences":0,"groups":[],"unlabelled_sentences":0},"claims":[],"thresholds":{"intent_p":0.8,"supports_p":0.95,"contests_p":0.7},"method":"Citing sentences come from each paper's LaTeX source; every \\cite marks the sentence and the works it cites. Pith's classifier typed each sentence. A label is shown at intent probability 0.8 or more (0.95 for support), a contest at 0.7 or more. Measured accuracy against two blind model families is at https://pith.science/accuracy. The quoted sentences are the citing authors' own.","held_up":{"arxiv_id":"astro-ph/0401206","kind":"model","paper_version":2,"prompt_version":"held-up-v3.5","generated_at":"2026-10-27T21:36:01+00:00","loaded_at":"2026-10-28T01:04:12.733796+00:00","evidence":"some","account":[],"groups":[{"kind":"method_or_tool","label":"Uses its method or tool","papers":1,"entries":[],"papers_all":4,"self_papers":1,"self_entries":[{"p":1.0,"quote":null,"citing":[{"self":true,"year":2015,"title":"The effects of the small-scale DM power on the cosmological neutral hydrogen (\\HI) distribution at high redshifts","arxiv_id":"1512.03325"}],"verified":true,"paraphrase":"Mapped its simulated distribution to redshift space using this paper's method, with the scheme outlined in another work."}]}],"counts":{"by_kind":{"data_used":1,"method_or_tool":4},"dropped":{"relied_on":0,"unknown_ids":0,"account_lines":0,"contest_vetoed":0,"below_threshold":0,"contest_drawback":0,"contest_without_basis":0,"contest_not_one_sentence":0,"contest_on_group_citation":0},"papers_read":13,"self_papers":12,"citing_papers":59,"sentences_read":15,"citing_sentences":81,"unambiguous_read":15,"typed_independent":4,"independent_papers":47,"by_kind_independent":{"data_used":1,"method_or_tool":3}},"input_sha256":"745d4700835caf8e2ee6053b9da877fa8fb5d2a29a5d82cafdd507ed22f6597a","method":"For a paper with five or more citing arXiv papers, Pith selected up to 40 citing sentences its citation classifier typed, read those whose citation markers point at this paper alone, and wrote one paraphrase for each later paper in each group, each resting on one sentence. A later paper is listed under a label only when the classifier gives one of its sentences that label at intent probability 0.8 or more (0.95 for support), Pith's reading of the sentence finds that the citing paper itself did it, and a second check of the paraphrase against the sentence passes. The section lists uses only: building on the paper, using its method, tool, data or values, comparing with it and citing it as support. It does not list criticism or disagreement, so their absence says nothing about how the paper has been received. Code counted the papers, wrote the summary from the listed entries, set the evidence level and linked each entry to its citing paper. Quotes are copied from the citing sentence and shown only when the citing paper's licence is CC BY, CC BY-SA or CC0; otherwise the paraphrase is shown. Papers that share an author with this one are listed apart. A paper with fewer citing papers gets a line counted by code, which names uses only: a later paper whose only label is a contest is counted as not described.","line":null,"summary":"1 paper by the same authors is listed below: 1 used its method or tool."},"_links":{"html":"https://pith.science/paper/astro-ph/0401206"}}