{"paper":{"title":"Bounds on long-lived charged massive particles from Big Bang nucleosynthesis","arxiv_id":"0710.5153","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"2007-10-26T17:52:23+00:00","version_compiled":"v3"},"notice":"Every quoted sentence is the authors' text from the arXiv listing abstract. Labels and probabilities are the outputs of classifier-1.13-20260917 on the question bank abstract-p1-20260923, exactly as returned. No sentence in this record was written by a language model.","schema":"pith.compiled-record/v0","status":"compiled","abstract":{"source":"arXiv listing abstract v3","sentences":[{"i":0,"p":0.93,"id":"s0","own":true,"role":"contribution","text":"The Big Bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) in the presence of charged massive particles (CHAMPs) is studied in detail.","hedge":{"p":0.97,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.86,"main_claim_p":0.03,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.03,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":0.0,"background":0.07,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.93,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":1,"p":0.54,"id":"s1","own":true,"role":"contribution","text":"All currently known effects due to the existence of bound states between CHAMPs and nuclei, including possible late-time destruction of Li6 and Li7 are included.","hedge":{"p":0.98,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.55,"main_claim_p":0.03,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.07,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.45,"result":0.0,"background":0.01,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.54,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":2,"p":0.82,"id":"s2","own":true,"role":"result","text":"The study sets conservative bounds on CHAMP abundances in the decay time range 3x10^2 sec - 10^12 sec.","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.94,"main_claim_p":0.32,"quantitative":true,"quantitative_p":0.98,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":0.82,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.18,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":3,"p":0.96,"id":"s3","own":true,"role":"result","text":"It is stressed that the production of Li6 at early times T ~ 10keV is overestimated by a factor ~ 10 when the approximation of the Saha equation for the He4 bound state fraction is utilised.","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.71,"main_claim_p":0.06,"quantitative":true,"quantitative_p":0.98,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.01,"method":0.0,"result":0.96,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.01,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.02}},{"i":4,"p":1.0,"id":"s4","own":true,"role":"method","text":"To obtain conservative limits on the abundance of CHAMPs, a Monte-Carlo analysis with ~ 3x10^6 independent BBN runs, varying reaction rates of nineteen different reactions, is performed (see attached erratum, however).","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.94,"main_claim_p":0.05,"quantitative":true,"quantitative_p":0.99,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":1.0,"result":0.0,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":5,"p":0.98,"id":"s5","own":true,"role":"result","text":"The analysis yields the surprising result that except for small areas in the particle parameter space conservative constraints on the abundance of decaying charged particles are currently very close to those of neutral particles.","hedge":{"p":0.99,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.92,"main_claim_p":0.7,"quantitative":true,"quantitative_p":0.89,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":0.98,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.02}},{"i":6,"p":0.75,"id":"s6","own":false,"role":"future_work","text":"It is shown that, in case a number of heretofore unconsidered reactions may be determined reliably in future, it is conceivable that the limit on CHAMPs in the early Universe could be tightened by orders of magnitude.","hedge":{"p":0.74,"label":"speculative"},"own_p":0.45,"main_claim_p":0.08,"quantitative":true,"quantitative_p":0.77,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":0.08,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.02,"future_work":0.75,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.15}},{"i":7,"p":0.57,"id":"s7","own":true,"role":"contribution","text":"An ERRATUM gives limits on primordial CHAMP densities when the by Ref. Kamimura et al. recently more accurately determined CHAMP reaction rates are employed.","hedge":{"p":0.97,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.62,"main_claim_p":0.05,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.29,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.01,"result":0.32,"background":0.01,"limitation":0.08,"future_work":0.01,"contribution":0.57,"interpretation":0.0}}]},"compiled":{"main_claim":{"p":0.99,"text":"The analysis yields the surprising result that except for small areas in the particle parameter space conservative constraints on the abundance of decaying charged particles are currently very close to those of neutral particles.","location":"abstract s5","hedge_strength":{"p":0.99,"label":"asserted"}},"provenance":{"route":{"via":"OpenRouter","model":"classifier-1.13","endpoint":"https://openrouter.ai/api/v1/systemone","provider":"TypeSafe"},"packing":"one request per paper","requests":1,"input_tokens":6456,"cost_usd_reported":0.000271},"compiled_at":"2026-09-23","bank_version":"abstract-p1-20260923","model_version":"classifier-1.13-20260917","abstract_states":{"claims_first":0.05,"states_limitation":0.92,"human_participants":0.01,"controlled_comparison":0.18,"randomized_assignment":0.02,"states_quantitative_result":0.95,"compares_with_prior_results":0.88,"mentions_code_or_data_availability":0.09},"evidential_basis":{"p":1.0,"value":"simulation or computation","probabilities":{"argument":0.0,"literature":0.0,"proof_or_derivation":0.0,"analysis_of_existing_data":0.0,"observation_or_experiment":0.0,"simulation_or_computation":1.0}},"contribution_type":{"p":0.9,"value":"simulation study","probabilities":{"review":0.0,"method_or_tool":0.0,"empirical_study":0.0,"simulation_study":0.9,"theoretical_result":0.1,"dataset_or_benchmark":0.0,"position_or_commentary":0.0}},"contribution_statement":{"p":0.69,"text":"To obtain conservative limits on the abundance of CHAMPs, a Monte-Carlo analysis with ~ 3x10^6 independent BBN runs, varying reaction rates of nineteen different reactions, is performed (see attached erratum, however).","location":"abstract s4"}},"coverage":{"tier":"abstract","levels_run":["P abstract"],"not_examined":["full text","figures and tables","references and citing sentences","relations to other papers"],"sources_read":["arXiv listing abstract v3"],"levels_not_run":["S sections","T body sentences","C citations","R cross-paper relations"],"sentences_examined":8,"sentences_in_abstract":8},"measured_accuracy":{"url":"https://pith.science/accuracy","measured_on":"2026-10-02","method":"two independent model families labelled a fresh random sample blind; the figure is how often the published label matches their consensus","sentence_role_agreement":0.92,"main_claim_agreement":0.908,"typed_citation_agreement":0.933,"typed_citation_agreement_95_interval":[0.917,0.945],"review_comments_accurate":0.758,"review_comments_accurate_95_interval":[0.684,0.82],"review_caught_admitted_error_found_or_related":0.448}}