{"paper":{"title":"START: Smoothed particle hydrodynamics with tree-based accelerated radiative transfer","arxiv_id":"1005.5312","primary_cat":"astro-ph.IM","submitted_at":"2010-05-28T15:15:48+00:00","version_compiled":"v1"},"notice":"Every quoted sentence is the authors' text from the arXiv listing abstract. Labels and probabilities are the outputs of classifier-1.13-20260917 on the question bank abstract-p1-20260923, exactly as returned. No sentence in this record was written by a language model.","schema":"pith.compiled-record/v0","status":"compiled","abstract":{"source":"arXiv listing abstract v1","sentences":[{"i":0,"p":0.99,"id":"s0","own":true,"role":"contribution","text":"We present a novel radiation hydrodynamics code, START, which is a smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) scheme coupled with accelerated radiative transfer.","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.9,"main_claim_p":0.1,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.04,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.01,"result":0.0,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.99,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":1,"p":0.96,"id":"s1","own":false,"role":"method","text":"The basic idea for the acceleration of radiative transfer is parallel to the tree algorithm that is hitherto used to speed up the gravitational force calculation in an N-body system.","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.2,"main_claim_p":0.04,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.32,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.96,"result":0.0,"background":0.02,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.02,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":2,"p":0.95,"id":"s2","own":true,"role":"result","text":"It is demonstrated that the radiative transfer calculations can be dramatically accelerated, where the computational time is scaled as Np log Ns for Np SPH particles and Ns radiation sources.","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.87,"main_claim_p":0.32,"quantitative":true,"quantitative_p":0.81,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.02,"result":0.95,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.03,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":3,"p":0.42,"id":"s3","own":true,"role":"result","text":"Such acceleration allows us to readily include not only numerous sources but also scattering photons, even if the total number of radiation sources is comparable to that of SPH particles.","hedge":{"p":0.77,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.75,"main_claim_p":0.16,"quantitative":true,"quantitative_p":0.84,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.02,"result":0.42,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.14,"interpretation":0.42}},{"i":4,"p":0.82,"id":"s4","own":true,"role":"method","text":"Here, a test simulation is presented for a multiple source problem, where the results with START are compared to those with a radiation SPH code without tree-based acceleration.","hedge":{"p":0.92,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.92,"main_claim_p":0.04,"quantitative":true,"quantitative_p":0.75,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.82,"result":0.01,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.17,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":5,"p":0.98,"id":"s5","own":true,"role":"result","text":"We find that the results agree well with each other if we set the tolerance parameter as < 1.0, and then it demonstrates that START can solve radiative transfer faster without reducing the accuracy.","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.96,"main_claim_p":0.43,"quantitative":true,"quantitative_p":0.97,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":0.98,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.02}},{"i":6,"p":0.65,"id":"s6","own":false,"role":"contribution","text":"One of important applications with START is to solve the transfer of diffuse ionizing photons, where each SPH particle is regarded as an emitter.","hedge":{"p":0.91,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.33,"main_claim_p":0.06,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.05,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.08,"result":0.0,"background":0.06,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.16,"contribution":0.65,"interpretation":0.05}},{"i":7,"p":0.5,"id":"s7","own":true,"role":"contribution","text":"To illustrate the competence of START, we simulate the shadowing effect by dense clumps around an ionizing source.","hedge":{"p":0.92,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.93,"main_claim_p":0.04,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.04,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.49,"result":0.01,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.5,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":8,"p":1.0,"id":"s8","own":true,"role":"result","text":"As a result, it is found that the erosion of shadows by diffuse recombination photons can be solved.","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.95,"main_claim_p":0.14,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.03,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":1.0,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":9,"p":1.0,"id":"s9","own":false,"role":"interpretation","text":"Such an effect is of great significance to reveal the cosmic reionization 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