{"paper":{"title":"Precise Black Hole Masses From Megamaser Disks: Black Hole-Bulge Relations at Low Mass","arxiv_id":"1007.2851","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2010-07-16T20:01:13+00:00","version_compiled":"v1"},"notice":"Every quoted sentence is the authors' text from the arXiv listing abstract. Labels and probabilities are the outputs of classifier-1.13-20260917 on the question bank abstract-p1-20260923, exactly as returned. No sentence in this record was written by a language model.","schema":"pith.compiled-record/v0","status":"compiled","abstract":{"source":"arXiv listing abstract v1","sentences":[{"i":0,"p":1.0,"id":"s0","own":false,"role":"background","text":"The black hole (BH)-bulge correlations have greatly influenced the last decade of effort to understand galaxy evolution.","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.04,"main_claim_p":0.02,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.07,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":0.0,"background":1.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":1,"p":0.71,"id":"s1","own":false,"role":"gap","text":"Current knowledge of these correlations is limited predominantly to high BH masses (M_BH> 10^8 M_sun) that can be measured using direct stellar, gas, and maser kinematics.","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.05,"main_claim_p":0.02,"quantitative":true,"quantitative_p":0.98,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.71,"method":0.0,"result":0.0,"background":0.29,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":2,"p":0.67,"id":"s2","own":false,"role":"gap","text":"These objects, however, do not represent the demographics of more typical L< L* galaxies.","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.08,"main_claim_p":0.03,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.33,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.67,"method":0.0,"result":0.0,"background":0.32,"limitation":0.01,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":3,"p":0.99,"id":"s3","own":true,"role":"contribution","text":"This study transcends prior limitations to probe BHs that are an order of magnitude lower in mass, using BH mass measurements derived from the dynamics of H_2O megamasers in circumnuclear disks.","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.88,"main_claim_p":0.06,"quantitative":true,"quantitative_p":0.95,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.01,"method":0.0,"result":0.0,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.99,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":4,"p":0.87,"id":"s4","own":false,"role":"method","text":"The masers trace the Keplerian rotation of circumnuclear molecular disks starting at radii of a few tenths of a pc from the central BH.","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.14,"main_claim_p":0.02,"quantitative":true,"quantitative_p":0.82,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.87,"result":0.0,"background":0.12,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.01,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":5,"p":0.64,"id":"s5","own":false,"role":"method","text":"Modeling of the rotation curves, presented by Kuo et al. (2010), yields BH masses with exquisite precision.","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.08,"main_claim_p":0.02,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.11,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.64,"result":0.0,"background":0.34,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.02,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":6,"p":0.96,"id":"s6","own":true,"role":"method","text":"We present stellar velocity dispersion measurements for a sample of nine megamaser disk galaxies based on long-slit observations using the B&C spectrograph on the Dupont telescope and the DIS spectrograph on the 3.5m telescope at Apache Point.","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.97,"main_claim_p":0.02,"quantitative":true,"quantitative_p":0.97,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.96,"result":0.0,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.04,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":7,"p":0.91,"id":"s7","own":true,"role":"method","text":"We also perform bulge-to-disk decomposition of a subset of five of these galaxies with SDSS imaging.","hedge":{"p":0.99,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.96,"main_claim_p":0.02,"quantitative":true,"quantitative_p":0.91,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.91,"result":0.0,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.09,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":8,"p":1.0,"id":"s8","own":true,"role":"result","text":"The maser galaxies as a group fall below the M_BH-sigma* relation defined by elliptical galaxies.","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.88,"main_claim_p":0.26,"quantitative":true,"quantitative_p":0.93,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":1.0,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":9,"p":0.86,"id":"s9","own":true,"role":"result","text":"We show, now with very precise BH mass measurements, that the low-scatter power-law relation between M_BH and sigma* seen in elliptical galaxies is not universal.","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.93,"main_claim_p":0.77,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.26,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":0.86,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.14}},{"i":10,"p":0.97,"id":"s10","own":true,"role":"interpretation","text":"The elliptical galaxy M_BH-sigma* relation cannot be used to derive the BH mass function at low mass or the zeropoint for active BH masses.","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.58,"main_claim_p":0.36,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.15,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":0.03,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.97}},{"i":11,"p":1.0,"id":"s11","own":false,"role":"interpretation","text":"The processes (perhaps BH self-regulation or minor merging) that operate at higher mass have not effectively established an M_BH-sigma* relation in this low-mass 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