{"paper":{"title":"On the role of shear in cosmological averaging","arxiv_id":"1007.2939","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2010-07-17T16:22:56+00:00","version_compiled":"v1"},"notice":"Every quoted sentence is the authors' text from the arXiv listing abstract. Labels and probabilities are the outputs of classifier-1.13-20260917 on the question bank abstract-p1-20260923, exactly as returned. No sentence in this record was written by a language model.","schema":"pith.compiled-record/v0","status":"compiled","abstract":{"source":"arXiv listing abstract v1","sentences":[{"i":0,"p":0.9,"id":"s0","own":true,"role":"contribution","text":"Using the spherically symmetric inhomogeneous Lemaitre-Tolman-Bondi dust solution, we study how the shear and the backreaction depend on the sharpness of the spatial transition between voids and walls and on the size of the voids.","hedge":{"p":0.79,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.95,"main_claim_p":0.06,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.07,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.1,"result":0.0,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.9,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":1,"p":0.92,"id":"s1","own":false,"role":"method","text":"The voids considered here are regions with matter density Omega ~ 0 and expansion rate Ht ~ 1, while the walls are regions with matter density Omega ~ 1 and expansion rate Ht ~ 2/3.","hedge":{"p":0.99,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.37,"main_claim_p":0.02,"quantitative":true,"quantitative_p":0.96,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.92,"result":0.0,"background":0.04,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.04,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":2,"p":1.0,"id":"s2","own":true,"role":"result","text":"The results indicate that both the volume-average shear and the variance of the expansion rate grow proportional to the sharpness of the transition and diverge in the limit of a step function, but, for realistic-sized voids, are virtually independent of the size of the void.","hedge":{"p":0.88,"label":"hedged_possibility"},"own_p":0.94,"main_claim_p":0.32,"quantitative":true,"quantitative_p":0.67,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":1.0,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":3,"p":1.0,"id":"s3","own":true,"role":"result","text":"However, the backreaction, given by the difference of the variance and the shear, has a finite value in the step-function limit.","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.92,"main_claim_p":0.18,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.41,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":1.0,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":4,"p":1.0,"id":"s4","own":true,"role":"result","text":"By comparing the exact result for the backreaction to the case where the shear is neglected by treating the voids and walls as separate Friedmann-Robertson-Walker models, we find that the shear suppresses the backreaction by a factor of (r_0/t_0)^2, the squared ratio of the void size to the horizon size.","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.96,"main_claim_p":0.5,"quantitative":true,"quantitative_p":0.97,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":1.0,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":5,"p":1.0,"id":"s5","own":true,"role":"interpretation","text":"This exemplifies the importance of using the exact solution for the interface between the regions of different expansion rates and densities.","hedge":{"p":0.98,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.7,"main_claim_p":0.1,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.06,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":0.0,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":1.0}},{"i":6,"p":0.6,"id":"s6","own":true,"role":"limitation","text":"The suppression is justified to hold also for a network of compensated voids, but may not hold if the universe is dominated by uncompensated voids.","hedge":{"p":0.93,"label":"hedged_possibility"},"own_p":0.72,"main_claim_p":0.18,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.15,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":0.04,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.6,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.36}}]},"compiled":{"main_claim":{"p":0.98,"text":"By comparing the exact result for the backreaction to the case where the shear is neglected by treating the voids and walls as separate Friedmann-Robertson-Walker models, we find that the shear suppresses the backreaction by a factor of (r_0/t_0)^2, the squared ratio of the void size to the horizon size.","location":"abstract s4","hedge_strength":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"}},"provenance":{"route":{"via":"OpenRouter","model":"classifier-1.13","endpoint":"https://openrouter.ai/api/v1/systemone","provider":"TypeSafe"},"packing":"one request per paper","requests":1,"input_tokens":5909,"cost_usd_reported":0.000248},"compiled_at":"2026-09-23","bank_version":"abstract-p1-20260923","model_version":"classifier-1.13-20260917","abstract_states":{"claims_first":0.03,"states_limitation":0.92,"human_participants":0.01,"controlled_comparison":0.54,"randomized_assignment":0.01,"states_quantitative_result":0.86,"compares_with_prior_results":0.92,"mentions_code_or_data_availability":0.01},"evidential_basis":{"p":0.97,"value":"proof or derivation","probabilities":{"argument":0.0,"literature":0.0,"proof_or_derivation":0.97,"analysis_of_existing_data":0.0,"observation_or_experiment":0.0,"simulation_or_computation":0.03}},"contribution_type":{"p":1.0,"value":"theoretical result","probabilities":{"review":0.0,"method_or_tool":0.0,"empirical_study":0.0,"simulation_study":0.0,"theoretical_result":1.0,"dataset_or_benchmark":0.0,"position_or_commentary":0.0}},"contribution_statement":{"p":0.72,"text":"Using the spherically symmetric inhomogeneous Lemaitre-Tolman-Bondi dust solution, we study how the shear and the backreaction depend on the sharpness of the spatial transition between voids and walls and on the size of the voids.","location":"abstract s0"}},"coverage":{"tier":"abstract","levels_run":["P abstract"],"not_examined":["full text","figures and tables","references and citing sentences","relations to other papers"],"sources_read":["arXiv listing abstract v1"],"levels_not_run":["S sections","T body sentences","C citations","R cross-paper relations"],"sentences_examined":7,"sentences_in_abstract":7},"measured_accuracy":{"url":"https://pith.science/accuracy","measured_on":"2026-10-02","method":"two independent model families labelled a fresh random sample blind; the figure is how often the published label matches their consensus","sentence_role_agreement":0.92,"main_claim_agreement":0.908,"typed_citation_agreement":0.933,"typed_citation_agreement_95_interval":[0.917,0.945],"review_comments_accurate":0.758,"review_comments_accurate_95_interval":[0.684,0.82],"review_caught_admitted_error_found_or_related":0.448}}