{"paper":{"title":"On the origin of planets at very wide orbits from the re-capture of free floating planets","arxiv_id":"1202.2362","primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","submitted_at":"2012-02-10T21:00:05+00:00","version_compiled":"v2"},"notice":"Every quoted sentence is the authors' text from the arXiv listing abstract. Labels and probabilities are the outputs of classifier-1.13-20260917 on the question bank abstract-p1-20260923, exactly as returned. No sentence in this record was written by a language model.","schema":"pith.compiled-record/v0","status":"compiled","abstract":{"source":"arXiv listing abstract v2","sentences":[{"i":0,"p":1.0,"id":"s0","own":false,"role":"background","text":"In recent years several planets have been discovered at wide orbits (>100 AU) around their host stars.","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.05,"main_claim_p":0.02,"quantitative":true,"quantitative_p":0.93,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":0.0,"background":1.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":1,"p":0.71,"id":"s1","own":false,"role":"gap","text":"Theoretical studies encounter difficulties in explaining their formation and origin.","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.04,"main_claim_p":0.02,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.03,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.71,"method":0.0,"result":0.0,"background":0.29,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":2,"p":1.0,"id":"s2","own":false,"role":"contribution","text":"Here we propose a novel scenario for the production of planetary systems at such orbits, through the dynamical recapture of free floating planets (FFPs) in dispersing stellar clusters.","hedge":{"p":0.4,"label":"speculative"},"own_p":0.42,"main_claim_p":0.62,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.04,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":0.0,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":1.0,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":3,"p":0.74,"id":"s3","own":false,"role":"background","text":"This process is a natural extension of the recently suggested scenario for the formation of wide stellar binaries.","hedge":{"p":0.99,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.11,"main_claim_p":0.05,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.14,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":0.0,"background":0.74,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.2,"interpretation":0.06}},{"i":4,"p":0.99,"id":"s4","own":true,"role":"method","text":"We use N-body simulations of dispersing clusters with 10-1000 stars and comparable numbers of FFPs to study this process.","hedge":{"p":0.92,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.93,"main_claim_p":0.03,"quantitative":true,"quantitative_p":0.92,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.99,"result":0.0,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.01,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":5,"p":1.0,"id":"s5","own":true,"role":"result","text":"We find that planets are captured into wide orbits in the typical range ~100-10^6 AU, and have a wide range of eccentricities (thermal distribution).","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.96,"main_claim_p":0.39,"quantitative":true,"quantitative_p":0.96,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":1.0,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":6,"p":1.0,"id":"s6","own":true,"role":"result","text":"Typically, 3-6 x (f_FFP/1) % of all stars capture a planetary companion with such properties (where f_FFP is the number of FFP per star).","hedge":{"p":0.99,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.93,"main_claim_p":0.17,"quantitative":true,"quantitative_p":0.99,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":1.0,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":7,"p":0.87,"id":"s7","own":true,"role":"result","text":"The planetary capture efficiency is comparable to that of capture-formed stellar-binaries, and shows a similar dependence on the cluster size and structure.","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.88,"main_claim_p":0.1,"quantitative":true,"quantitative_p":0.94,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":0.87,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.13}},{"i":8,"p":1.0,"id":"s8","own":true,"role":"result","text":"It is almost independent of the specific planetary mass; planets as well as sub-stellar companions of any mass can be captured.","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.85,"main_claim_p":0.07,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.12,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":1.0,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":9,"p":1.0,"id":"s9","own":true,"role":"result","text":"The capture efficiency decreases with increasing cluster size, and for a given cluster size the it increases with the host/primary mass.","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.91,"main_claim_p":0.06,"quantitative":true,"quantitative_p":0.56,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":1.0,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":10,"p":1.0,"id":"s10","own":true,"role":"result","text":"More than one planet can be captured around the same host and planets can be captured into binary systems.","hedge":{"p":0.69,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.89,"main_claim_p":0.07,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.45,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":1.0,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":11,"p":0.97,"id":"s11","own":true,"role":"result","text":"Planets can also be captured into pre-existing planetary and into orbits around black holes and massive white dwarfs, if these formed early enough before the cluster dispersal.","hedge":{"p":0.8,"label":"hedged_possibility"},"own_p":0.67,"main_claim_p":0.04,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.08,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":0.97,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.01,"interpretation":0.02}},{"i":12,"p":1.0,"id":"s12","own":true,"role":"result","text":"In particular, stellar black holes have a high capture efficiency (>50 % and 5-10 x (f_FFP/1) % for capture of stars and planetary companions, respectively) due to their large mass.","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.86,"main_claim_p":0.09,"quantitative":true,"quantitative_p":0.99,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":1.0,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":13,"p":1.0,"id":"s13","own":true,"role":"result","text":"Finally, although rare, two FFPs or brown dwarfs can become bound and form a FFP-binary system with no stellar host.","hedge":{"p":0.6,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.75,"main_claim_p":0.03,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.24,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":1.0,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.0}}]},"compiled":{"main_claim":{"p":0.69,"text":"Here we propose a novel scenario for the production of planetary systems at such orbits, through the dynamical recapture of free floating planets (FFPs) in dispersing stellar clusters.","location":"abstract s2","hedge_strength":{"p":0.4,"label":"speculative"}},"provenance":{"route":{"via":"OpenRouter","model":"classifier-1.13","endpoint":"https://openrouter.ai/api/v1/systemone","provider":"TypeSafe"},"packing":"one request per paper","requests":1,"input_tokens":10255,"cost_usd_reported":0.000431},"compiled_at":"2026-09-23","bank_version":"abstract-p1-20260923","model_version":"classifier-1.13-20260917","abstract_states":{"claims_first":0.08,"states_limitation":0.43,"human_participants":0.01,"controlled_comparison":0.07,"randomized_assignment":0.01,"states_quantitative_result":0.98,"compares_with_prior_results":0.85,"mentions_code_or_data_availability":0.02},"evidential_basis":{"p":1.0,"value":"simulation or computation","probabilities":{"argument":0.0,"literature":0.0,"proof_or_derivation":0.0,"analysis_of_existing_data":0.0,"observation_or_experiment":0.0,"simulation_or_computation":1.0}},"contribution_type":{"p":1.0,"value":"simulation study","probabilities":{"review":0.0,"method_or_tool":0.0,"empirical_study":0.0,"simulation_study":1.0,"theoretical_result":0.0,"dataset_or_benchmark":0.0,"position_or_commentary":0.0}},"contribution_statement":{"p":0.92,"text":"Here we propose a novel scenario for the production of planetary systems at such orbits, through the dynamical recapture of free floating planets (FFPs) in dispersing stellar clusters.","location":"abstract s2"}},"coverage":{"tier":"abstract","levels_run":["P abstract"],"not_examined":["full text","figures and tables","references and citing sentences","relations to other papers"],"sources_read":["arXiv listing abstract v2"],"levels_not_run":["S sections","T body sentences","C citations","R cross-paper relations"],"sentences_examined":14,"sentences_in_abstract":14},"measured_accuracy":{"url":"https://pith.science/accuracy","measured_on":"2026-10-02","method":"two independent model families labelled a fresh random sample blind; 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