{"paper":{"title":"Time-average based methods for multi-angular scale analysis of cosmic-ray data","arxiv_id":"1301.1833","primary_cat":"astro-ph.IM","submitted_at":"2013-01-09T12:49:33+00:00","version_compiled":"v1"},"notice":"Every quoted sentence is the authors' text from the arXiv listing abstract. Labels and probabilities are the outputs of classifier-1.13-20260917 on the question bank abstract-p1-20260923, exactly as returned. No sentence in this record was written by a language model.","schema":"pith.compiled-record/v0","status":"compiled","abstract":{"source":"arXiv listing abstract v1","sentences":[{"i":0,"p":1.0,"id":"s0","own":false,"role":"background","text":"In the last decade, a number of experiments dealt with the problem of measuring the arrival direction distribution of cosmic rays, looking for information on the propagation mechanisms and the identification of their sources.","hedge":{"p":0.99,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.05,"main_claim_p":0.02,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.41,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":0.0,"background":1.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":1,"p":0.99,"id":"s1","own":false,"role":"background","text":"Any deviation from the isotropy may be regarded to as a signature of unforeseen or unknown phenomena, mostly if well localised in the sky and occurring at low rigidity.","hedge":{"p":0.98,"label":"hedged_possibility"},"own_p":0.05,"main_claim_p":0.03,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.08,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":0.0,"background":0.99,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.01}},{"i":2,"p":0.91,"id":"s2","own":false,"role":"background","text":"It induced experimenters to search for excesses down to angular scale as narrow as 10 degrees, disclosing the issue of properly filtering contributions from wider structures.","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.08,"main_claim_p":0.03,"quantitative":true,"quantitative_p":0.98,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.09,"method":0.0,"result":0.0,"background":0.91,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":3,"p":0.76,"id":"s3","own":false,"role":"background","text":"A solution commonly envisaged in these years based on time-average methods to determine the reference value of cosmic ray flux.","hedge":{"p":0.69,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.05,"main_claim_p":0.04,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.04,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.24,"result":0.0,"background":0.76,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":4,"p":0.68,"id":"s4","own":false,"role":"background","text":"Such techniques are nearly insensitive to signals wider than the time-window in use, thus allowing to focus the analysis on medium- and small-scale signals.","hedge":{"p":0.94,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.06,"main_claim_p":0.06,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.32,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.3,"result":0.0,"background":0.68,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.02}},{"i":5,"p":0.68,"id":"s5","own":false,"role":"background","text":"Nonetheless, often the signal cannot be excluded in the calculation of the reference value, what induce systematic errors.","hedge":{"p":0.87,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.07,"main_claim_p":0.08,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.05,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.09,"method":0.0,"result":0.0,"background":0.68,"limitation":0.23,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":6,"p":0.92,"id":"s6","own":false,"role":"background","text":"The use of time-average methods recently brought to important discoveries about the medium-scale cosmic ray anisotropy, present both in the northern and southern hemisphere.","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.11,"main_claim_p":0.08,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.07,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":0.08,"background":0.92,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":7,"p":0.85,"id":"s7","own":false,"role":"background","text":"It is known that the excess (or the deficit) is observed as less intense than in reality and that fake deficit zones are rendered around true 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