{"paper":{"title":"Interpreting Short Gamma Ray Burst Progenitor Kicks and Time Delays Using the Host Galaxy-Dark Matter Halo Connection","arxiv_id":"1401.7986","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2014-01-30T21:00:02+00:00","version_compiled":"v2"},"notice":"Every quoted sentence is the authors' text from the arXiv listing abstract. Labels and probabilities are the outputs of classifier-1.13-20260917 on the question bank abstract-p1-20260923, exactly as returned. No sentence in this record was written by a language model.","schema":"pith.compiled-record/v0","status":"compiled","abstract":{"source":"arXiv listing abstract v2","sentences":[{"i":0,"p":0.81,"id":"s0","own":false,"role":"background","text":"Nearly 20% of short gamma-ray bursts (sGRBs) have no observed host galaxies.","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.25,"main_claim_p":0.04,"quantitative":true,"quantitative_p":0.99,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.01,"method":0.0,"result":0.18,"background":0.81,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":1,"p":0.47,"id":"s1","own":true,"role":"result","text":"Combining this finding with constraints on galaxies' dark matter halo potential wells gives strong limits on the natal kick velocity distribution for sGRB progenitors.","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.68,"main_claim_p":0.38,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.42,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.16,"result":0.47,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.3,"interpretation":0.07}},{"i":2,"p":0.92,"id":"s2","own":true,"role":"result","text":"For the best-fitting velocity distribution, one in five sGRB progenitors receives a natal kick above 150 km/s, consistent with merging neutron star models but not with merging white dwarf binary models.","hedge":{"p":0.79,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.9,"main_claim_p":0.54,"quantitative":true,"quantitative_p":0.99,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":0.92,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.08}},{"i":3,"p":0.71,"id":"s3","own":true,"role":"result","text":"This progenitor model constraint is robust to a wide variety of systematic uncertainties, including the sGRB progenitor time-delay model, the Swift redshift sensitivity, and the shape of the natal kick velocity distribution.","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.84,"main_claim_p":0.18,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.11,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":0.71,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.02,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.01,"interpretation":0.26}},{"i":4,"p":0.87,"id":"s4","own":true,"role":"result","text":"We also use constraints on the galaxy-halo connection to determine the host halo and host galaxy demographics for sGRBs, which match extremely well with available data.","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.95,"main_claim_p":0.12,"quantitative":true,"quantitative_p":0.67,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":0.87,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.13,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":5,"p":0.99,"id":"s5","own":true,"role":"result","text":"Most sGRBs are expected to occur in halos near 10^12 Msun and in galaxies near 5x10^10 Msun (L_*); unobserved faint and high-redshift host galaxies contribute a small minority of the observed hostless sGRB fraction.","hedge":{"p":0.58,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.88,"main_claim_p":0.13,"quantitative":true,"quantitative_p":0.99,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":0.99,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.01}},{"i":6,"p":0.78,"id":"s6","own":true,"role":"result","text":"We find that sGRB redshift distributions and host galaxy stellar masses weakly constrain the progenitor time-delay model; the active vs. passive fraction of sGRB host galaxies may offer a stronger constraint.","hedge":{"p":0.53,"label":"hedged_possibility"},"own_p":0.93,"main_claim_p":0.05,"quantitative":true,"quantitative_p":0.67,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":0.78,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.01,"future_work":0.01,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.2}},{"i":7,"p":0.99,"id":"s7","own":false,"role":"future_work","text":"Finally, we discuss how searches for gravitational wave optical counterparts in the local Universe can reduce followup times using these findings.","hedge":{"p":0.49,"label":"hedged_possibility"},"own_p":0.32,"main_claim_p":0.03,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.06,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":0.0,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.99,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.01}}]},"compiled":{"main_claim":{"p":0.72,"text":"For the best-fitting velocity distribution, one in five sGRB progenitors receives a natal kick above 150 km/s, consistent with merging neutron star models but not with merging white dwarf binary models.","location":"abstract s2","hedge_strength":{"p":0.79,"label":"asserted"}},"provenance":{"route":{"via":"OpenRouter","model":"classifier-1.13","endpoint":"https://openrouter.ai/api/v1/systemone","provider":"TypeSafe"},"packing":"one request per paper","requests":1,"input_tokens":6455,"cost_usd_reported":0.000271},"compiled_at":"2026-09-23","bank_version":"abstract-p1-20260923","model_version":"classifier-1.13-20260917","abstract_states":{"claims_first":0.03,"states_limitation":0.68,"human_participants":0.01,"controlled_comparison":0.09,"randomized_assignment":0.01,"states_quantitative_result":0.98,"compares_with_prior_results":0.42,"mentions_code_or_data_availability":0.02},"evidential_basis":{"p":0.95,"value":"analysis of existing data","probabilities":{"argument":0.03,"literature":0.01,"proof_or_derivation":0.0,"analysis_of_existing_data":0.95,"observation_or_experiment":0.0,"simulation_or_computation":0.01}},"contribution_type":{"p":0.89,"value":"theoretical result","probabilities":{"review":0.0,"method_or_tool":0.01,"empirical_study":0.05,"simulation_study":0.05,"theoretical_result":0.89,"dataset_or_benchmark":0.0,"position_or_commentary":0.0}},"contribution_statement":{"p":0.96,"text":"Combining this finding with constraints on galaxies' dark matter halo potential wells gives strong limits on the natal kick velocity distribution for sGRB progenitors.","location":"abstract s1"}},"coverage":{"tier":"abstract","levels_run":["P abstract"],"not_examined":["full text","figures and tables","references and citing sentences","relations to other papers"],"sources_read":["arXiv listing abstract v2"],"levels_not_run":["S sections","T body sentences","C citations","R cross-paper relations"],"sentences_examined":8,"sentences_in_abstract":8},"measured_accuracy":{"url":"https://pith.science/accuracy","measured_on":"2026-10-02","method":"two independent model families labelled a fresh random sample blind; 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