{"paper":{"title":"Higher-order interference and single-system postulates characterizing quantum theory","arxiv_id":"1403.4147","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2014-03-17T16:07:29+00:00","version_compiled":"v4"},"notice":"Every quoted sentence is the authors' text from the arXiv listing abstract. Labels and probabilities are the outputs of classifier-1.13-20260917 on the question bank abstract-p1-20260923, exactly as returned. No sentence in this record was written by a language model.","schema":"pith.compiled-record/v0","status":"compiled","abstract":{"source":"arXiv listing abstract v4","sentences":[{"i":0,"p":1.0,"id":"s0","own":true,"role":"contribution","text":"We present a new characterization of quantum theory in terms of simple physical principles that is different from previous ones in two important respects: first, it only refers to properties of single systems without any assumptions on the composition of many systems; and second, it is closer to experiment by having absence of higher-order interference as a postulate, which is currently the subject of experimental investigation.","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.87,"main_claim_p":0.18,"quantitative":true,"quantitative_p":0.53,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":0.0,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":1.0,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":1,"p":0.73,"id":"s1","own":true,"role":"result","text":"We give three postulates -- no higher-order interference, classical decomposability of states, and strong symmetry -- and prove that the only non-classical operational probabilistic theories satisfying them are real, complex, and quaternionic quantum theory, together with 3-level octonionic quantum theory and ball state spaces of arbitrary dimension.","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.95,"main_claim_p":0.57,"quantitative":true,"quantitative_p":0.87,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":0.73,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.27,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":2,"p":0.96,"id":"s2","own":true,"role":"result","text":"Then we show that adding observability of energy as a fourth postulate yields complex quantum theory as the unique solution, relating the emergence of the complex numbers to the possibility of Hamiltonian dynamics.","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.95,"main_claim_p":0.26,"quantitative":true,"quantitative_p":0.68,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":0.96,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.03,"interpretation":0.01}},{"i":3,"p":0.93,"id":"s3","own":true,"role":"result","text":"We also show that there may be interesting non-quantum theories satisfying only the first two of our postulates, which would allow for higher-order interference in experiments while still respecting the contextuality analogue of the local orthogonality principle.","hedge":{"p":0.96,"label":"hedged_possibility"},"own_p":0.91,"main_claim_p":0.05,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.43,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":0.93,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.01,"future_work":0.01,"contribution":0.02,"interpretation":0.02}}]},"compiled":{"main_claim":{"p":0.62,"text":"We give three postulates -- no higher-order interference, classical decomposability of states, and strong symmetry -- and prove that the only non-classical operational probabilistic theories satisfying them are real, complex, and quaternionic quantum theory, together with 3-level octonionic quantum theory and ball state spaces of arbitrary dimension.","location":"abstract s1","hedge_strength":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"}},"provenance":{"route":{"via":"OpenRouter","model":"classifier-1.13","endpoint":"https://openrouter.ai/api/v1/systemone","provider":"TypeSafe"},"packing":"one request per paper","requests":1,"input_tokens":3876,"cost_usd_reported":0.000163},"compiled_at":"2026-09-23","bank_version":"abstract-p1-20260923","model_version":"classifier-1.13-20260917","abstract_states":{"claims_first":0.12,"states_limitation":0.58,"human_participants":0.02,"controlled_comparison":0.02,"randomized_assignment":0.01,"states_quantitative_result":0.14,"compares_with_prior_results":0.9,"mentions_code_or_data_availability":0.02},"evidential_basis":{"p":1.0,"value":"proof or derivation","probabilities":{"argument":0.0,"literature":0.0,"proof_or_derivation":1.0,"analysis_of_existing_data":0.0,"observation_or_experiment":0.0,"simulation_or_computation":0.0}},"contribution_type":{"p":1.0,"value":"theoretical result","probabilities":{"review":0.0,"method_or_tool":0.0,"empirical_study":0.0,"simulation_study":0.0,"theoretical_result":1.0,"dataset_or_benchmark":0.0,"position_or_commentary":0.0}},"contribution_statement":{"p":0.96,"text":"We present a new characterization of quantum theory in terms of simple physical principles that is different from previous ones in two important respects: first, it only refers to properties of single systems without any assumptions on the composition of many systems; 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