{"paper":{"title":"The POLAR Gamma-Ray Burst Polarization Catalog","arxiv_id":"2009.04871","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2020-09-10T14:14:01+00:00","version_compiled":"v1"},"notice":"Every quoted sentence is the authors' text from the arXiv listing abstract. Labels and probabilities are the outputs of classifier-1.13.0 on the question bank abstract-p1-20260923, exactly as returned. No sentence in this record was written by a language model.","schema":"pith.compiled-record/v0","status":"compiled","abstract":{"source":"arXiv listing abstract v1","sentences":[{"i":0,"p":0.9,"id":"s0","own":false,"role":"background","text":"Despite over 50 years of research, many open questions remain about the origin and nature of GRBs.","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.04,"main_claim_p":0.01,"quantitative":true,"quantitative_p":0.91,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.1,"method":0.0,"result":0.0,"background":0.9,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":1,"p":0.99,"id":"s1","own":false,"role":"background","text":"Polarization measurements of the prompt emission of these extreme phenomena have long been thought to be the key to answering a range of these questions.","hedge":{"p":0.69,"label":"hedged_possibility"},"own_p":0.05,"main_claim_p":0.02,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.04,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.01,"method":0.0,"result":0.0,"background":0.99,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":2,"p":0.66,"id":"s2","own":false,"role":"method","text":"The POLAR detector was designed to produce the first set of detailed and reliable polarization measurements in an energy range of approximately 50-500 keV.","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.33,"main_claim_p":0.02,"quantitative":true,"quantitative_p":0.93,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.01,"method":0.66,"result":0.0,"background":0.19,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.14,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":3,"p":0.56,"id":"s3","own":true,"role":"method","text":"During late 2016 and early 2017, POLAR detected a total of 55 GRBs.","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.94,"main_claim_p":0.02,"quantitative":true,"quantitative_p":0.99,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.56,"result":0.18,"background":0.02,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.24,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":4,"p":0.74,"id":"s4","own":false,"role":"background","text":"Analysis results of 5 of these GRBs have been reported in the past.","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.36,"main_claim_p":0.02,"quantitative":true,"quantitative_p":0.97,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.23,"method":0.0,"result":0.01,"background":0.74,"limitation":0.01,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.01,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":5,"p":0.86,"id":"s5","own":true,"role":"result","text":"The results were found to be consistent with a low or unpolarized flux.","hedge":{"p":0.99,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.81,"main_claim_p":0.07,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.32,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.01,"method":0.0,"result":0.86,"background":0.13,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":6,"p":0.74,"id":"s6","own":false,"role":"background","text":"However, previous reports by other collaborations found high levels of polarization.","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.04,"main_claim_p":0.02,"quantitative":true,"quantitative_p":0.52,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.25,"method":0.0,"result":0.0,"background":0.74,"limitation":0.01,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":7,"p":0.99,"id":"s7","own":true,"role":"contribution","text":"We study the polarization for all the 14 GRBs observed by POLAR for which statistically robust inferences are possible.","hedge":{"p":0.97,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.88,"main_claim_p":0.05,"quantitative":true,"quantitative_p":0.97,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.01,"result":0.0,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.99,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":8,"p":0.77,"id":"s8","own":true,"role":"contribution","text":"Additionally, time-resolved polarization studies are performed on GRBs with sufficient apparent flux.","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.93,"main_claim_p":0.03,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.07,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.23,"result":0.0,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.77,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":9,"p":0.99,"id":"s9","own":true,"role":"method","text":"A publicly available polarization analysis tool, developed within the 3ML framework, was used to produce statistically robust results.","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.69,"main_claim_p":0.02,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.06,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.99,"result":0.0,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.01,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":10,"p":1.0,"id":"s10","own":true,"role":"method","text":"The method allows to combine spectral and polarimetric data from POLAR with spectral data from the Fermi GBM and Swift-BAT to jointly model the spectral and polarimetric parameters.","hedge":{"p":0.99,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.72,"main_claim_p":0.03,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.08,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":1.0,"result":0.0,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":11,"p":0.99,"id":"s11","own":true,"role":"result","text":"The time integrated analysis finds all results to be compatible with a low or zero polarization with the caveat that, when time-resolved analysis is possible within individual pulses, we observe moderate polarization with a rapidly changing polarization angle.","hedge":{"p":0.53,"label":"hedged_possibility"},"own_p":0.95,"main_claim_p":0.67,"quantitative":true,"quantitative_p":0.5,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":0.99,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.01}},{"i":12,"p":0.99,"id":"s12","own":true,"role":"interpretation","text":"Thus, time-integrated polarization results, while pointing to lower polarization are potentially an artifact of summing over the changing polarization signal and thus, washing out the true moderate polarization.","hedge":{"p":0.91,"label":"hedged_possibility"},"own_p":0.77,"main_claim_p":0.4,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.2,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":0.0,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.01,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.99}},{"i":13,"p":0.95,"id":"s13","own":false,"role":"future_work","text":"Therefore, we caution against over interpretation of any time-integrated results and encourage one to wait for more detailed polarization measurements from forthcoming missions such as POLAR-2 and LEAP.","hedge":{"p":0.66,"label":"hedged_possibility"},"own_p":0.32,"main_claim_p":0.27,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.06,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":0.0,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.03,"future_work":0.95,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.02}}]},"compiled":{"main_claim":{"p":0.49,"text":"The time integrated analysis finds all results to be compatible with a low or zero polarization with the caveat 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