{"paper":{"title":"Galaxy morphology rules out astrophysically relevant Hu-Sawicki $f(R)$ gravity","arxiv_id":"2009.08743","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2020-09-18T10:53:44+00:00","version_compiled":"v2"},"notice":"Every quoted sentence is the authors' text from the arXiv listing abstract. Labels and probabilities are the outputs of classifier-1.13.0 on the question bank abstract-p1-20260923, exactly as returned. No sentence in this record was written by a language model.","schema":"pith.compiled-record/v0","status":"compiled","abstract":{"source":"arXiv listing abstract v2","sentences":[{"i":0,"p":1.0,"id":"s0","own":false,"role":"background","text":"$f(R)$ is a paradigmatic modified gravity theory that typifies extensions to General Relativity with new light degrees of freedom and hence screened fifth forces between masses.","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.04,"main_claim_p":0.01,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.06,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":0.0,"background":1.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":1,"p":0.99,"id":"s1","own":false,"role":"background","text":"These forces produce observable signatures in galaxy morphology, caused by a violation of the weak equivalence principle due to a differential impact of screening among galaxies' mass components.","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.08,"main_claim_p":0.02,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.03,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":0.0,"background":0.99,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.01}},{"i":2,"p":0.65,"id":"s2","own":true,"role":"method","text":"We compile statistical datasets of two morphological indicators -- offsets between stars and gas in galaxies and warping of stellar disks -- and use them to constrain the strength and range of a thin-shell-screened fifth force.","hedge":{"p":0.98,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.96,"main_claim_p":0.02,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.38,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.65,"result":0.0,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.35,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":3,"p":0.94,"id":"s3","own":true,"role":"method","text":"This is achieved by applying a comprehensive set of upgrades to past work (Desmond et al 2018a,b): we construct a robust galaxy-by-galaxy Bayesian forward model for the morphological signals, including full propagation of uncertainties in the input quantities and marginalisation over an empirical model describing astrophysical noise.","hedge":{"p":0.99,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.94,"main_claim_p":0.02,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.21,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.94,"result":0.0,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.06,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":4,"p":1.0,"id":"s4","own":true,"role":"result","text":"Employing more stringent data quality cuts than previously we find no evidence for a screened fifth force of any strength $\\Delta G/G_\\text{N}$ in the Compton wavelength range $0.3-8$ Mpc, setting a $1\\sigma$ bound of $\\Delta G/G_\\text{N}<0.8$ at $\\lambda_C=0.3$ Mpc that strengthens to $\\Delta G/G_\\text{N}<3\\times10^{-5}$ at $\\lambda_C=8$ Mpc.","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.97,"main_claim_p":0.24,"quantitative":true,"quantitative_p":0.99,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":1.0,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":5,"p":0.66,"id":"s5","own":true,"role":"interpretation","text":"These are the tightest bounds to date beyond the Solar System by over an order of magnitude.","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.86,"main_claim_p":0.07,"quantitative":true,"quantitative_p":0.97,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":0.33,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.01,"interpretation":0.66}},{"i":6,"p":0.58,"id":"s6","own":true,"role":"result","text":"For the Hu-Sawicki model of $f(R)$ with $n=1$ we require a background scalar field value $f_{R0} < 1.4 \\times 10^{-8}$, forcing practically all astrophysical objects to be screened.","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.87,"main_claim_p":0.09,"quantitative":true,"quantitative_p":0.99,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":0.58,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.42}},{"i":7,"p":0.99,"id":"s7","own":true,"role":"interpretation","text":"We conclude that this model can have no relevance to astrophysics or cosmology.","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.59,"main_claim_p":0.94,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.04,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":0.01,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.99}}]},"compiled":{"main_claim":{"p":1.0,"text":"We conclude that this model can have no relevance to astrophysics or cosmology.","location":"abstract s7","hedge_strength":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"}},"provenance":{"route":{"via":"TypeSafe 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