{"paper":{"title":"Oumuamuas passing through molecular clouds","arxiv_id":"2009.08773","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2020-09-18T12:19:02+00:00","version_compiled":"v1"},"notice":"Every quoted sentence is the authors' text from the arXiv listing abstract. Labels and probabilities are the outputs of classifier-1.13.0 on the question bank abstract-p1-20260923, exactly as returned. No sentence in this record was written by a language model.","schema":"pith.compiled-record/v0","status":"compiled","abstract":{"source":"arXiv listing abstract v1","sentences":[{"i":0,"p":0.99,"id":"s0","own":false,"role":"background","text":"The detections of 1I/Oumuamua and 2I/Borisov within just two years demonstrate impressively that interstellar objects (ISOs) must be common in the Milky Way.","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.08,"main_claim_p":0.07,"quantitative":true,"quantitative_p":0.83,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":0.0,"background":0.99,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.01}},{"i":1,"p":1.0,"id":"s1","own":false,"role":"background","text":"Once released from their parent system, these ISOs travel for Gyr through interstellar space.","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.07,"main_claim_p":0.02,"quantitative":true,"quantitative_p":0.55,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":0.0,"background":1.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":2,"p":1.0,"id":"s2","own":false,"role":"background","text":"While often imagined as empty, interstellar space contains gas and dust most prominent in the form of molecular clouds.","hedge":{"p":0.99,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.04,"main_claim_p":0.02,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.05,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":0.0,"background":1.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":3,"p":0.89,"id":"s3","own":true,"role":"method","text":"Performing numerical simulations, we test how often ISOs cross such molecular clouds.","hedge":{"p":0.53,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.92,"main_claim_p":0.03,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.04,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.89,"result":0.0,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.11,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":4,"p":1.0,"id":"s4","own":true,"role":"result","text":"We find that the ISOs pass amazingly often through molecular clouds.","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.96,"main_claim_p":0.48,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.08,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":1.0,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":5,"p":1.0,"id":"s5","own":true,"role":"result","text":"In the solar neighbourhood, ISOs typically spend 0.1-0.2% of their journey inside molecular clouds, for relative slow ISOs ($<$ 5 km/s) this can increase to 1-2%, equivalent to 10 - 20 Myr per Gyr.","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.92,"main_claim_p":0.2,"quantitative":true,"quantitative_p":0.99,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":1.0,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":6,"p":0.54,"id":"s6","own":true,"role":"result","text":"Thus the dynamically youngest ISOs spend the longest time in molecular clouds.","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.81,"main_claim_p":0.1,"quantitative":true,"quantitative_p":0.54,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":0.54,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.46}},{"i":7,"p":0.98,"id":"s7","own":true,"role":"interpretation","text":"In other words, molecular clouds must mainly contain relatively young ISOs ($<$ 1-2 Gyr).","hedge":{"p":0.98,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.82,"main_claim_p":0.33,"quantitative":true,"quantitative_p":0.92,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":0.02,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.98}},{"i":8,"p":0.94,"id":"s8","own":true,"role":"interpretation","text":"Thus the half-life of the seeding process by ISOs is substantially shorter than a stellar lifetime.","hedge":{"p":0.99,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.7,"main_claim_p":0.2,"quantitative":true,"quantitative_p":0.78,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":0.06,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.94}},{"i":9,"p":1.0,"id":"s9","own":true,"role":"result","text":"The actual amount of time spent in MCs decreases with distance to the Galactic Centre.","hedge":{"p":1.0,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.82,"main_claim_p":0.06,"quantitative":false,"quantitative_p":0.25,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":1.0,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.0,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.0}},{"i":10,"p":0.7,"id":"s10","own":true,"role":"result","text":"We find that ISOs pass so often through MCs that backtracing their path to find their parent star beyond 250 Myr seems beyond the point.","hedge":{"p":0.93,"label":"asserted"},"own_p":0.92,"main_claim_p":0.21,"quantitative":true,"quantitative_p":0.97,"role_probabilities":{"gap":0.0,"method":0.0,"result":0.7,"background":0.0,"limitation":0.02,"future_work":0.0,"contribution":0.0,"interpretation":0.28}},{"i":11,"p":0.54,"id":"s11","own":true,"role":"contribution","text":"Besides, we give a first estimate of the ISO density depending on the galactic centre distance based on the stellar 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